{"doi":"10.1111/head.14849","title":"Anxiety, depression, and headache‐related disability in a large pediatric clinic–based sample","abstract":"OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationships among anxiety, depression, and headache-related disability in a pediatric clinic-based retrospective cross-sectional study. BACKGROUND: Anxiety and depression are commonly considered comorbidities of headache disorders and are frequently seen in children and adolescents. These conditions can contribute to disability and may have a cumulative impact. In this study, we tested whether self-reported anxiety and/or depression in youth were associated with headache-related disability. METHODS: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of children ages 6-17 years old who completed a headache intake questionnaire at the time of a new outpatient neurology visit. Those who reported on behavioral health symptoms, involvement of a behavioral health provider (i.e., yes/no), and the PedMIDAS (a validated metric of headache-related disability) were included. The relationship between anxiety and/or depression and headache-related disability was examined. RESULTS: Of the 12,660 questionnaires queried, 9118 met criteria for inclusion. Respondents were 64.0% female and had a median age of 13.5 years (interquartile range [IQR] 10.3, 15.7). Compared to patients without self-reported anxiety/depression, patients with anxiety and depression reported higher headache-related disability (M = 17.0, [IQR 6.0, 41.0]) even after accounting for covariates (estimated difference = 6.0, 95% confidence interval [CI: 4.4-7.5]). For participants with anxiety and/or depression, having a behavioral health provider was associated with greater headache-related disability (estimated difference = 7.0; 95% CI 4.6-9.3). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with self-reported anxiety and/or depression reported higher headache-related disability. Having a behavioral health provider was associated with greater headache-related disability, indicating the complexity and high level of need for this population. Further research is needed to understand the directionality of these results; however, patients with headache as well as depression and or anxiety are a vulnerable group who may benefit from an integrated care model.","journal":"Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain","year":2024,"id":458792,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":5,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9575,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1256715,"name":"Ali Ladak","orcid":"0000-0002-0568-0207","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":318740,"name":"Christina L. Szperka","orcid":"0000-0003-4786-8889","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":955152,"name":"Blanca Marquez de Prado","orcid":"0009-0005-5350-3853","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":414437,"name":"Andrew D. Hershey","orcid":"0000-0002-1598-7536","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":318739,"name":"Carlyn Patterson Gentile","orcid":"0000-0003-4996-2457","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1080733,"name":"Christina Murphy","orcid":"0000-0003-1924-7479","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":22,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:03:50.608887Z","pmid":"39545632","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}