{"doi":"10.1111/gtc.12187","title":"Transcription cofactor <scp>PC</scp>4 plays essential roles in collaboration with the small subunit of general transcription factor <scp>TFIIE</scp>","abstract":"<jats:p>In eukaryotes, positive cofactor 4 (PC4) stimulates activator‐dependent transcription by facilitating transcription initiation and the transition from initiation to elongation. It also forms homodimers and binds to single‐stranded DNA and various transcriptional activators, including the general transcription factor TFIIH. In this study, we further investigated PC4 from <jats:italic>Homo sapiens</jats:italic> and the nematode <jats:italic>Caenorhabditis elegans</jats:italic> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">hPC</jats:styled-content>4 and cePC4, respectively). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">hPC</jats:styled-content>4 strongly stimulated transcription on a linearized template, whereas it alleviated transcription on a supercoiled template. Transcriptional stimulation by PC4 was also alleviated by increasing the amount of TFIID. GST pull‐down studies with general transcription factors indicated that both <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">hPC</jats:styled-content>4 and cePC4 bind strongly to TFIIB, TFIIEβ, TFIIFα, TFIIFβ and TFIIH XPB subunits and weakly to TBP and TFIIH p62. However, only <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">hPC</jats:styled-content>4 bound to CDK7. The effect of each PC4 on transcription was studied in combination with TFIIEβ. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">hPC</jats:styled-content>4 stimulated both basal and activated transcription, whereas cePC4 primarily stimulated activated transcription, especially in the presence of TFIIEβ from <jats:italic>C. elegans</jats:italic>. Finally, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">hPC</jats:styled-content>4 bound to the C‐terminal region of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">hTFIIE</jats:styled-content>β adjacent to the basic region. These results indicate that PC4 plays essential roles in the transition step from transcription initiation to elongation by binding to melted DNA in collaboration with TFIIEβ.</jats:p>","journal":"Genes to Cells","year":2014,"id":606177,"datarank":0.4493598410330987,"base_score":2.995732273553991,"endowment":2.995732273553991,"self_citation_contribution":0.4493598410330987,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.4493598410330987,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":19,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1555952,"name":"Seiji Yamamoto","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1555953,"name":"Satoshi Iida","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1508279,"name":"Yutaka Hirose","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1555955,"name":"Aki Tanaka","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1022182,"name":"Fumio Hanaoka","orcid":"0000-0002-0280-2475","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1508280,"name":"Yoshiaki Ohkuma","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1555951,"name":"Yusuke Akimoto","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Transcription cofactor <scp>PC</scp>4 plays essential roles in collaboration with the small subunit of general transcription factor <scp>TFIIE</scp>","abstract":"<jats:p>In eukaryotes, positive cofactor 4 (PC4) stimulates activator‐dependent transcription by facilitating transcription initiation and the transition from initiation to elongation. It also forms homodimers and binds to single‐stranded DNA and various transcriptional activators, including the general transcription factor TFIIH. In this study, we further investigated PC4 from <jats:italic>Homo sapiens</jats:italic> and the nematode <jats:italic>Caenorhabditis elegans</jats:italic> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">hPC</jats:styled-content>4 and cePC4, respectively). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">hPC</jats:styled-content>4 strongly stimulated transcription on a linearized template, whereas it alleviated transcription on a supercoiled template. Transcriptional stimulation by PC4 was also alleviated by increasing the amount of TFIID. GST pull‐down studies with general transcription factors indicated that both <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">hPC</jats:styled-content>4 and cePC4 bind strongly to TFIIB, TFIIEβ, TFIIFα, TFIIFβ and TFIIH XPB subunits and weakly to TBP and TFIIH p62. However, only <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">hPC</jats:styled-content>4 bound to CDK7. The effect of each PC4 on transcription was studied in combination with TFIIEβ. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">hPC</jats:styled-content>4 stimulated both basal and activated transcription, whereas cePC4 primarily stimulated activated transcription, especially in the presence of TFIIEβ from <jats:italic>C. elegans</jats:italic>. Finally, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">hPC</jats:styled-content>4 bound to the C‐terminal region of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">hTFIIE</jats:styled-content>β adjacent to the basic region. These results indicate that PC4 plays essential roles in the transition step from transcription initiation to elongation by binding to melted DNA in collaboration with TFIIEβ.</jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"25308091","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":null,"authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[],"oa_status":null,"license":"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fgtc.12187","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/gtc.12187","host_type":"publisher"}],"fields_of_study":[],"mesh_terms":["Animals","Humans","Caenorhabditis elegans","DNA-Binding Proteins","Transcription Factors, TFII","Transcription Factor TFIIB","Transcription Factor TFIID","Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins","Transcription Factors","Transcription, Genetic","Transcription Factor TFIIH"],"keywords":[],"sdg_mappings":[],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-30T04:02:48.287000Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}