{"doi":"10.1111/epi.17391","title":"International consensus recommendations for management of new onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE) including febrile infection‐related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES): Summary and clinical tools","abstract":"OBJECTIVE: To develop consensus-based recommendations for the management of adult and pediatric patients with NORSE/FIRES based on best available evidence and expert opinion. METHODS: The Delphi methodology was followed. A facilitator group of 9 experts was established, who defined the scope, users and suggestions for recommendations. Following a review of the current literature, recommendation statements concerning diagnosis, treatment and research directions were generated which were then voted on a scale of 1 (strongly disagree) to 9 (strongly agree) by a panel of 48 experts in the field. Consensus that a statement was appropriate was reached if the median score was greater than or equal to 7, and inappropriate if the median score was less than or equal to 3. RESULTS: Overall, 85 recommendation statements achieved consensus. The recommendations are divided into five sections: 1) disease characteristics, 2) diagnostic testing and sampling, 3) acute treatment, 4) treatment in the post-acute phase, and 5) research, registries and future directions in NORSE/FIRES. These are summarized in this article along with two practical clinical flowsheets: one for diagnosis and evaluation and one for acute treatment. A corresponding evidence-based analysis of all 85 recommendations alongside responses by the Delphi panel is presented in a companion article. SIGNIFICANCE: The recommendations generated by this consensus can be used as a guide for the diagnosis, evaluation, and management of patients with NORSE/FIRES, and for planning of future research.","journal":"Epilepsia","year":2022,"id":233132,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":143,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9687,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":429914,"name":"Olga Taraschenko","orcid":"0000-0003-4848-8909","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":845781,"name":"Robertino Dilena","orcid":"0000-0003-1064-1840","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":698234,"name":"Eric T. Payne","orcid":"0000-0001-6210-3353","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":494273,"name":"Nicola Specchio","orcid":"0000-0002-8120-0287","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":494276,"name":"Rima Nabbout","orcid":"0000-0001-5877-4074","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":317107,"name":"Sookyong Koh","orcid":"0000-0002-2717-6888","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":614732,"name":"Nicolas Gaspard","orcid":"0000-0003-1148-6723","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":227172,"name":"Lawrence J. Hirsch","orcid":"0000-0002-6333-832X","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":846960,"name":"the International NORSE Consensus Group","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":845780,"name":"Ronny Wickström","orcid":"0000-0002-1183-150X","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":12,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:21:25.223756Z","pmid":"35951466","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}