{"doi":"10.1111/epi.16792","title":"Factors correlated with intracranial interictal epileptiform discharges in refractory epilepsy","abstract":"OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to evaluate the influence that subject-specific factors have on intracranial interictal epileptiform discharge (IED) rates in persons with refractory epilepsy. METHODS: One hundred fifty subjects with intracranial electrodes performed multiple sessions of a free recall memory task; this standardized task controlled for subject attention levels. We utilized a dominance analysis to rank the importance of subject-specific factors based on their relative influence on IED rates. Linear mixed-effects models were employed to comprehensively examine factors with highly ranked importance. RESULTS: Antiseizure medication (ASM) status, time of testing, and seizure onset zone (SOZ) location were the highest-ranking factors in terms of their impact on IED rates. The average IED rate of electrodes in SOZs was 34% higher than the average IED rate of electrodes outside of SOZs (non-SOZ; p < .001). However, non-SOZ electrodes had similar IED rates regardless of the subject's SOZ location (p = .99). Subjects on older generation (p < .001) and combined generation (p < .001) ASM regimens had significantly lower IED rates relative to the group taking no ASMs; newer generation ASM regimens demonstrated a nonsignificant association with IED rates (p = .13). Of the ASMs included in this study, the following ASMs were associated with significant reductions in IED rates: levetiracetam (p < .001), carbamazepine (p < .001), lacosamide (p = .03), zonisamide (p = .01), lamotrigine (p = .03), phenytoin (p = .03), and topiramate (p = .01). We observed a nonsignificant association between time of testing and IED rates (morning-afternoon p = .15, morning-evening p = .85, afternoon-evening p = .26). SIGNIFICANCE: The current study ranks the relative influence that subject-specific factors have on IED rates and highlights the importance of considering certain factors, such as SOZ location and ASM status, when analyzing IEDs for clinical or research purposes.","journal":"Epilepsia","year":2020,"id":69475,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":21,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9504,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":368322,"name":"Stephen Meisenhelter","orcid":"0000-0001-7603-2090","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":370043,"name":"Richard Adamovich‐Zeitlin","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":368323,"name":"Yinchen Song","orcid":"0000-0001-5820-0353","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":368324,"name":"Sarah A. Steimel","orcid":"0000-0003-4121-4964","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":368325,"name":"Edward J. Camp","orcid":"0000-0002-7733-9999","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":368326,"name":"Markus E. Testorf","orcid":"0000-0002-4515-6821","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":315572,"name":"Todd A. MacKenzie","orcid":"0000-0002-0215-2003","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":227190,"name":"Robert E. Gross","orcid":"0000-0003-1847-9227","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":240423,"name":"Bradley Lega","orcid":"0000-0003-3634-406X","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":227186,"name":"Michael R. Sperling","orcid":"0000-0003-0708-6006","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":225216,"name":"Michael J. Kahana","orcid":"0000-0001-8122-9525","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":227176,"name":"Barbara C. Jobst","orcid":"0000-0001-9243-2238","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":315569,"name":"Robert J. Quon","orcid":"0000-0002-9926-1539","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":49,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T21:42:48.813846Z","pmid":"33332586","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}