{"doi":"10.1111/ejh.14061","title":"Estrogen‐based hormonal therapy and the risk of thrombosis in <scp>COVID</scp>‐19 patients","abstract":"OBJECTIVE: Estrogen-containing contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy are used commonly, however, the risks of venous and arterial thrombosis imparted by such medications during COVID-19 infection or other similar viral infections remain undescribed. METHODS: To assess the risk of venous and arterial thrombosis in patients receiving oral estrogen-containing therapy (ECT) with COVID-19 as compared to those receiving non-estrogen-based hormonal therapy, we conducted a multicenter cohort study of 991 patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection, 466 receiving estrogen-containing hormonal therapy, and 525 receiving progestin-only or topical therapy. RESULTS: The use of estrogen-containing therapy was found to significantly increase the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) following COVID-19 diagnosis after controlling for age (HR 5.46 [95% CI 1.12-26.7, p = .036]). This risk was highest in patients over age 50, with 8.6% of patients receiving estrogen-containing therapy diagnosed with VTE compared to 0.9% of those receiving non-estrogen-based therapies (p = .026). The risk of arterial thrombosis was not significantly associated with oral estrogen use. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that estrogen-containing therapy is associated with a significantly increased risk of VTE in COVID-19 patients, especially in older individuals. These findings may guide provider counseling and management of patients with COVID-19 on estrogen-containing therapy.","journal":"European Journal Of Haematology","year":2023,"id":382254,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":3,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9662,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":302929,"name":"Rick Mathews","orcid":"0000-0003-2723-5646","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1148459,"name":"Jenny Wang","orcid":"0000-0002-4497-3379","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":845795,"name":"Kylee L. Martens","orcid":"0000-0001-5379-8202","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":857670,"name":"Hannah Stowe McMurry","orcid":"0000-0002-5596-1285","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1148795,"name":"Shira Peress","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":944449,"name":"Jean M.G. Sabile","orcid":"0000-0002-2433-4844","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":958439,"name":"Thomas Kartika","orcid":"0000-0003-3926-7127","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1148796,"name":"Ileisa Oleson","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":704511,"name":"Jamie O. Lo","orcid":"0000-0002-1934-1935","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":410071,"name":"Thomas G. DeLoughery","orcid":"0000-0002-5790-4700","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":293123,"name":"Owen J. T. McCarty","orcid":"0000-0001-9481-0124","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":339124,"name":"Joseph J. Shatzel","orcid":"0000-0001-9396-5976","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":902935,"name":"Corinne LaVasseur","orcid":"0000-0001-7038-8889","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":35,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:17:17.113710Z","pmid":"37519103","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}