{"doi":"10.1111/dom.16615","title":"Changes in adiposity indices over 10 years and risk of type 2 diabetes: The Whitehall\n                    <scp>II</scp>\n                    cohort study","abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims</jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Common adiposity indices that are used to assess obesity include body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR). We aim to investigate change rates of the three indices in British middle‐aged adults and compare effects of different adiposity indices' changes on incident type 2 diabetes.</jats:p>\n                  </jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods</jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three repeated measures of BMI, WC and WHtR were collected over a decade (1991–2004) in 5666 participants without diabetes from the Whitehall II cohort study of British civil servants. Linear mixed‐effects models were used to estimate standardised individual change rates of the three indices, and participants were then followed up for incident diabetes until 2023. We examined the prospective associations between change rates of the three indices and diabetes by Cox regression analysis.</jats:p>\n                  </jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results</jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mean change rates for BMI, WC and WHtR were 0.04, 0.06 and 0.07 standard deviation (SD)/year, respectively. There were 633 incident diabetes cases after a median follow‐up of 17.6 years. For every 1‐SD increase per decade, WC change (HR: 3.01, 95% CI: 2.15–4.22) was associated with a higher diabetes risk than changes in WHtR (HR: 2.67, 95% CI: 2.00–3.55), and BMI (HR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.53–2.56). No significant interactions were found between the change rates and either sex or age.</jats:p>\n                  </jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The changes in WC and WHtR over a decade were associated with a higher risk of developing diabetes than the change in BMI in this British adult population. Routine monitoring of WC in general practice may provide more benefit than BMI management alone in preventing diabetes.</jats:p>\n                  </jats:sec>","journal":"Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism","year":2025,"id":641022,"datarank":0.16479184330021646,"base_score":1.0986122886681096,"endowment":1.0986122886681096,"self_citation_contribution":0.16479184330021646,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.16479184330021646,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":2,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1021335,"name":"Yuntao Chen","orcid":"0000-0002-2536-3524","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":289750,"name":"Annie Britton","orcid":"0000-0002-6412-5430","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1401315,"name":"Cunrong Huang","orcid":"0009-0001-3445-5316","position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Changes in adiposity indices over 10 years and risk of type 2 diabetes: The Whitehall\n                    <scp>II</scp>\n                    cohort study","abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims</jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Common adiposity indices that are used to assess obesity include body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR). We aim to investigate change rates of the three indices in British middle‐aged adults and compare effects of different adiposity indices' changes on incident type 2 diabetes.</jats:p>\n                  </jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods</jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three repeated measures of BMI, WC and WHtR were collected over a decade (1991–2004) in 5666 participants without diabetes from the Whitehall II cohort study of British civil servants. Linear mixed‐effects models were used to estimate standardised individual change rates of the three indices, and participants were then followed up for incident diabetes until 2023. We examined the prospective associations between change rates of the three indices and diabetes by Cox regression analysis.</jats:p>\n                  </jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results</jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mean change rates for BMI, WC and WHtR were 0.04, 0.06 and 0.07 standard deviation (SD)/year, respectively. There were 633 incident diabetes cases after a median follow‐up of 17.6 years. For every 1‐SD increase per decade, WC change (HR: 3.01, 95% CI: 2.15–4.22) was associated with a higher diabetes risk than changes in WHtR (HR: 2.67, 95% CI: 2.00–3.55), and BMI (HR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.53–2.56). No significant interactions were found between the change rates and either sex or age.</jats:p>\n                  </jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The changes in WC and WHtR over a decade were associated with a higher risk of developing diabetes than the change in BMI in this British adult population. Routine monitoring of WC in general practice may provide more benefit than BMI management alone in preventing diabetes.</jats:p>\n                  </jats:sec>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":1.0986122886681096,"endowment":1.0986122886681096,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"40654224","pmcid":"PMC12409207","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W4412389579","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"National Institute on Aging","grant_id":"R01AG056477","title":null},{"funder_name":"National Institute on Aging","grant_id":"R01AG062553","title":null},{"funder_name":"Wellcome Trust","grant_id":"221854/Z/20/Z","title":null},{"funder_name":"Medical Research Council","grant_id":"R024227","title":null},{"funder_name":"Medical Research Council","grant_id":"S011676","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIA NIH HHS","grant_id":"RF1 AG062553","title":null},{"funder_name":"Wellcome Trust","grant_id":"","title":null}],"total_grants":7,"fwci":1.3,"citation_percentile":0.8262732,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2026,"count":2}],"oa_status":"hybrid","license":"cc-by","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/dom.16615","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/dom.16615","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://dom-pubs.pericles-prod.literatumonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/dom.16615","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://dom-pubs.pericles-prod.literatumonline.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/dom.16615","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.16615","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40654224","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12409207/","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC12409207","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC12409207?pdf=render","host_type":"Europe_PMC"}],"fields_of_study":["Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins","Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet","Bariatric Surgery and Outcomes"],"mesh_terms":["Adult","Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","Female","United Kingdom","Humans","Male","Middle Aged","Obesity","Prospective Studies","Risk Factors","Cohort Studies","Body Mass Index","Incidence","Adiposity","Waist Circumference","Waist-Height Ratio"],"keywords":["Medicine","Body mass index","Waist-to-height ratio","Waist","Type 2 diabetes","Diabetes mellitus","Demography","Obesity","Cohort","Cohort study","Prospective cohort study","Weight change","Proportional hazards model","Internal medicine","Weight loss","Endocrinology","Change rate","Waist Circumference","Adiposity Index"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Good health and well-being"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-07T15:26:40.556454Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}