{"doi":"10.1111/dmcn.14489","title":"Predictors of cognitive development in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 and plexiform neurofibromas","abstract":"AIM: To describe the cognitive development of children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and plexiform neurofibromas, and identify predictors of cognitive development. METHOD: Participants included 88 children with NF1 and plexiform neurofibromas (50 males, 38 females, aged 6-18y, mean=12y, SD=3y 7mo) on a natural history study at the National Cancer Institute. Neuropsychological assessments (e.g. IQ, academic achievement, attention, and executive functioning) were administered three times over 6 years. RESULTS: Relative to normative peers, the total sample of children with NF1 and plexiform neurofibromas demonstrated significantly lower scores in most cognitive domains and decreasing z-scores over time in math, writing, inhibitory control, and working memory. Children who had parents with (vs without) NF1 were more likely to experience decreased z-scores in performance IQ, reading, writing, attention, and working memory. Higher (vs lower) parental education was related to higher levels of IQ, math, reading, and cognitive flexibility and a slower decrease in math z-scores. Children's sex and the number of NF1 disease-related complications were not related to most cognitive outcomes. INTERPRETATION: Children with NF1 and plexiform neurofibromas are at high risk for cognitive difficulties and declining z-scores in various domains of cognitive functioning over time. The findings highlight the need for a better understanding of the within-group differences in these children and their need for individualized educational plans. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: Math, writing, inhibitory control, and working memory scores decreased over time. The proportion of children with clinically significant cognitive deficits increased over time. Parental neurofibromatosis type 1 and low education were related to greater cognitive difficulties in children.","journal":"Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology","year":2020,"id":101315,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":27,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.662,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":496051,"name":"Taryn Allen","orcid":"0000-0002-7661-1380","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":109180,"name":"Pamela L. Wolters","orcid":"0000-0001-9319-6281","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":448365,"name":"Mary Anne Toledo‐Tamula","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":109189,"name":"Staci Martin","orcid":"0000-0002-9342-4173","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":109182,"name":"Andrea Baldwin","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":496052,"name":"Stephanie Reda","orcid":"0000-0002-8591-2804","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":496792,"name":"Andy Gillespie","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":496053,"name":"Anne Goodwin","orcid":"0000-0001-9336-5399","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":109206,"name":"Brigitte C. Widemann","orcid":"0000-0002-9198-7175","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":496050,"name":"Yang Hou","orcid":"0000-0002-7360-5751","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":25,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T22:39:38.259162Z","pmid":"32052421","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}