{"doi":"10.1111/desc.13228","title":"Examining relations between performance on non‐verbal executive function and verbal self‐regulation tasks in demographically‐diverse populations","abstract":"Self-regulation is a widely studied construct, generally assumed to be cognitively supported by executive functions (EFs). There is a lack of clarity and consensus over the roles of specific components of EFs in self-regulation. The current study examines the relations between performance on (a) a self-regulation task (Heads, Toes, Knees Shoulders Task) and (b) two EF tasks (Knox Cube and Beads Tasks) that measure different components of updating: working memory and short-term memory, respectively. We compared 107 8- to 13-year-old children (64 females) across demographically-diverse populations in four low and middle-income countries, including: Tanna, Vanuatu; Keningau, Malaysia; Saltpond, Ghana; and Natal, Brazil. The communities we studied vary in market integration/urbanicity as well as level of access, structure, and quality of schooling. We found that performance on the visuospatial working memory task (Knox Cube) and the visuospatial short-term memory task (Beads) are each independently associated with performance on the self-regulation task, even when controlling for schooling and location effects. These effects were robust across demographically-diverse populations of children in low-and middle-income countries. We conclude that this study found evidence supporting visuospatial working memory and visuospatial short-term memory as distinct cognitive processes which each support the development of self-regulation.","journal":"Developmental Science","year":2022,"id":258252,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":17,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9609,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":909343,"name":"Lydia Chen","orcid":"0000-0002-4787-1597","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":909344,"name":"Adote Anum","orcid":"0000-0001-8680-9203","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":773722,"name":"Oskar Bürger","orcid":"0000-0002-7552-5851","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":708617,"name":"Helen Davis","orcid":"0000-0002-8880-354X","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":909345,"name":"Vivian Dzokoto","orcid":"0000-0002-7668-9962","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":909346,"name":"Frankie T. K. Fong","orcid":"0000-0002-6135-1379","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":909846,"name":"Sabrina Ghelardi","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":909847,"name":"Kimberly Mendez","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":909347,"name":"Emily J. E. Messer","orcid":"0000-0002-8242-133X","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":909848,"name":"Morgan Newhouse","orcid":null,"position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":909348,"name":"Mark Nielsen","orcid":"0000-0002-0402-8372","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":909849,"name":"Karlos Ramos","orcid":null,"position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":333999,"name":"Bruce Rawlings","orcid":"0000-0001-9682-9216","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":909850,"name":"Renan A. C. dos Santos","orcid":null,"position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":909349,"name":"Lara G. S. Silveira","orcid":"0000-0003-2439-9688","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":228674,"name":"Elliot M. Tucker–Drob","orcid":"0000-0001-5599-6237","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":773730,"name":"Cristine H. Legare","orcid":"0000-0002-7838-4396","position":17,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":909342,"name":"Natalia Bezerra Dutra","orcid":"0000-0002-0766-0795","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":87,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:25:38.634785Z","pmid":"35025126","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}