{"doi":"10.1111/ddi.70016","title":"Biogeographic Implications of Biodiversity Shortfalls in a Mid‐Altitude Desert Ecotone of the Arabian Peninsula","abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim</jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Macroscale biodiversity inferences are critical for spatial conservation planning, yet they are affected by the limitations of global datasets and the paucity of genetic data. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive sampling campaign and explored how biodiversity shortfalls impact spatial diversity metrics across a mid‐altitude desert ecotone, where mega conservation and restoration projects are underway.</jats:p>\n                  </jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Location</jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AlUla region (NW Arabian Peninsula).</jats:p>\n                  </jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Taxa</jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Terrestrial reptiles.</jats:p>\n                  </jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods</jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We generated a DNA barcode library including 580 field‐collected samples to investigate species distributions, candidate species and intraspecific diversity. Species distributions were mapped using climatic envelopes, while candidate species and intraspecific diversity were assessed with phylogenetic methods. Patterns of α and β diversity were mapped based on IUCN and GARD expert maps (expected diversity) and on an integrative assessment combining field and bibliographic occurrences (observed diversity). Topographic drivers of nucleotide diversity were tested using Generalised Linear Mixed Models.</jats:p>\n                  </jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results</jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Over one‐third of the verified species in the region (\n                      <jats:italic>n</jats:italic>\n                       = 58) experienced Linnean, Wallacean or Darwinian shortfalls, including 6 candidate species, 11 new to the region and 7 harbouring significant intraspecific diversity. Additionally, 13 species predicted by expert maps were absent. Both IUCN and GARD projections showed significant mismatches with observed α and β diversity, though GARD provided α‐diversity estimates closer to observed patterns. Nucleotide diversity increased with absolute altitude.\n                    </jats:p>\n                  </jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Conclusions</jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Field and genetic‐based data significantly enhance biodiversity knowledge and conservation tools for this rapidly developing desert region. By addressing the critical limitations of macroscale approaches in undersampled yet diverse landscapes, we demonstrate how global databases often overlook local community turnovers, misleading diversity estimates. Thereby, we highlight the need for fine‐scale integrative research to inform conservation strategies and the power of DNA barcoding for inter‐ and intraspecific biodiversity assessments.</jats:p>\n                  </jats:sec>","journal":"Diversity and Distributions","year":2025,"id":667462,"datarank":0.29188652235829704,"base_score":1.9459101490553132,"endowment":1.9459101490553132,"self_citation_contribution":0.29188652235829704,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.29188652235829704,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":6,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1743019,"name":"Fulvio Licata","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1581299,"name":"Bárbara Santos","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1743020,"name":"Duarte Vasconcelos Gonçalves","orcid":"0000-0003-4299-0375","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1743021,"name":"Margareta Lakušić","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1743022,"name":"Myrto Roumelioti","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1743023,"name":"Nina Serén","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":162349,"name":"Pedro Tarroso","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1743024,"name":"Ayman Abdulkareem","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1743025,"name":"Patkó László","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":638945,"name":"José Carlos Brito","orcid":"0000-0001-5444-8132","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1743018,"name":"André Vicente Liz","orcid":"0000-0001-6131-5194","position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Biogeographic Implications of Biodiversity Shortfalls in a Mid‐Altitude Desert Ecotone of the Arabian Peninsula","abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim</jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Macroscale biodiversity inferences are critical for spatial conservation planning, yet they are affected by the limitations of global datasets and the paucity of genetic data. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive sampling campaign and explored how biodiversity shortfalls impact spatial diversity metrics across a mid‐altitude desert ecotone, where mega conservation and restoration projects are underway.</jats:p>\n                  </jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Location</jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AlUla region (NW Arabian Peninsula).</jats:p>\n                  </jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Taxa</jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Terrestrial reptiles.</jats:p>\n                  </jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods</jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We generated a DNA barcode library including 580 field‐collected samples to investigate species distributions, candidate species and intraspecific diversity. Species distributions were mapped using climatic envelopes, while candidate species and intraspecific diversity were assessed with phylogenetic methods. Patterns of α and β diversity were mapped based on IUCN and GARD expert maps (expected diversity) and on an integrative assessment combining field and bibliographic occurrences (observed diversity). Topographic drivers of nucleotide diversity were tested using Generalised Linear Mixed Models.</jats:p>\n                  </jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results</jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Over one‐third of the verified species in the region (\n                      <jats:italic>n</jats:italic>\n                       = 58) experienced Linnean, Wallacean or Darwinian shortfalls, including 6 candidate species, 11 new to the region and 7 harbouring significant intraspecific diversity. Additionally, 13 species predicted by expert maps were absent. Both IUCN and GARD projections showed significant mismatches with observed α and β diversity, though GARD provided α‐diversity estimates closer to observed patterns. Nucleotide diversity increased with absolute altitude.\n                    </jats:p>\n                  </jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Conclusions</jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Field and genetic‐based data significantly enhance biodiversity knowledge and conservation tools for this rapidly developing desert region. By addressing the critical limitations of macroscale approaches in undersampled yet diverse landscapes, we demonstrate how global databases often overlook local community turnovers, misleading diversity estimates. Thereby, we highlight the need for fine‐scale integrative research to inform conservation strategies and the power of DNA barcoding for inter‐ and intraspecific biodiversity assessments.</jats:p>\n                  </jats:sec>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":1.6094379124341003,"endowment":1.6094379124341003,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"19162232","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W4408937224","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia","grant_id":"2020.03848.CEECIND","title":null},{"funder_name":"Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia","grant_id":"2020.04790.BD","title":"Neglected venom variability in one of the most venomous vipers in Europe: a case study of Vipera ammodytes in Balkan Peninsula–evolutionary, ecological and applied aspects"},{"funder_name":"Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia","grant_id":"57/2016/CP1440/CT0008","title":null},{"funder_name":"Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia","grant_id":"CEECINST/00014/2018/CP1512/CT0001","title":"BIODESERTS - Biodiversity conservation and sustainable human development in deserts: an integrative approach to promote resilience to global change"},{"funder_name":"Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia","grant_id":"https://sciproj.ptcris.pt/5012EEC","title":null}],"total_grants":5,"fwci":3.8006,"citation_percentile":0.92654614,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2025,"count":1},{"year":2026,"count":3}],"oa_status":"gold","license":"cc-by","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/ddi.70016","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/ddi.70016","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/ddi.70016","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70016","host_type":"journal"}],"fields_of_study":["Genetic diversity and population structure","Species Distribution and Climate Change","Ethnobotanical and Medicinal Plants Studies","0106 biological sciences","01 natural sciences"],"mesh_terms":[],"keywords":["Ecotone","Peninsula","Ecology","Biodiversity","Desert (philosophy)","Geography","Altitude (triangle)","Biogeography","Desert climate","Physical geography","Arid","Biology","Habitat"],"sdg_mappings":[],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:30.460694Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}