{"doi":"10.1111/ctr.14840","title":"Outcomes in kidney transplant recipients treated with immediate‐release tacrolimus capsules versus extended‐release tacrolimus capsules: A cohort study","abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Prior randomized trials and observational studies have generally reported similar outcomes in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) treated with immediate-release tacrolimus (IR-TAC) versus extended-release tacrolimus (ER-TAC). However, many of these previous studies focused on patients with low immunological risks, had small sample sizes and brief follow-up periods, and excluded outcomes associated with graft loss, such as chronic rejection. METHODS: To address these limitations, we conducted a cohort study of 848 KTRs at a single transplantation center who had generally high immunological risks and were treated with either IR-TAC capsules (589 patients, 65.9%) or ER-TAC capsules (289 patients, 34.1%). All patients received their designated maintenance immunosuppressive regimen for at least 3 months post-transplantation. Afterwards, tacrolimus formulation was at the discretion of each patient's transplant nephrologist. For the two treatment groups, we compared the hazards of experiencing a composite outcome of acute or chronic antibody-mediated rejection (AMR), acute or chronic T-cell-mediated rejection, de novo DSA, and/or graft loss over a 3-year period starting at 3 months post-transplantation. RESULTS: In a multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model, KTRs treated with IR-TAC capsules had an increased hazard of experiencing the composite outcome when compared to patients treated with ER-TAC capsules; however, this result was not significant (adj HR 1.24, 95% CI .92-1.68, p = .163). Similar results were obtained with inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) using a propensity score (adj HR 1.25, 95% CI .93-1.68, p = .146). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that when compared to IR-TAC capsules, ER-TAC capsules do not reduce the hazard of poor outcomes in KTRs with generally high immunological risks.","journal":"Clinical Transplantation","year":2022,"id":292202,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":2,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.957,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":18164,"name":"Gillian Divard","orcid":"0000-0002-3450-0033","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":109441,"name":"Nandita Mitra","orcid":"0000-0002-7714-3910","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":386057,"name":"Mary Putt","orcid":"0000-0001-7954-1288","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":975887,"name":"Nicolas Pallet","orcid":"0000-0002-8486-3596","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":18167,"name":"Alexandre Loupy","orcid":"0000-0003-3388-7747","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":615397,"name":"Dany Anglicheau","orcid":"0000-0001-5793-6174","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":727525,"name":"Jennifer Trofe‐Clark","orcid":"0000-0003-4370-3796","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":33933,"name":"Christophe Legendre","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":486540,"name":"Roy D. Bloom","orcid":"0000-0003-4783-7775","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":33943,"name":"Peter P. Reese","orcid":"0000-0003-1440-069X","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":975886,"name":"Yoonhee P. Ha","orcid":"0000-0003-3525-1697","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":61,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:30:42.221508Z","pmid":"36374204","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}