{"doi":"10.1111/ceo.12200","title":"Ibopamine challenge test can be used to differentiate glaucoma suspects from glaucoma patients","abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background</jats:title><jats:p>Many countries face the challenge of a rising number of patients with or at risk of developing glaucoma. A test to differentiate between people who are unlikely to develop glaucoma and those at risk for the disease could be clinically useful. Ibopamine, when administered topically, temporarily increases aqueous production. Normal eyes with healthy trabecular meshwork show no significant change in intraocular pressure (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IOP</jats:styled-content>) following an ibopamine challenge; however, those with glaucoma demonstrate elevated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IOP</jats:styled-content>.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design</jats:title><jats:p>The study was designed as a prospective case–control study in a tertiary hospital.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants</jats:title><jats:p>Patients were recruited consecutively as they presented to glaucoma clinics at <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F</jats:styled-content>linders <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M</jats:styled-content>edical <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C</jats:styled-content>entre (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 39); the sample included 18 glaucoma suspects and 21 patients with glaucoma. All patients had open anterior chamber angles and no evidence of secondary glaucoma.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>Patients underwent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IOP</jats:styled-content> measurements followed by instillation of ibopamine 2% solution and subsequent repeated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IOP</jats:styled-content> assessment. The difference between the baseline measurement and that taken at 45 min was determined and compared between groups.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Outcome Measure</jats:title><jats:p>The outcome measure was the positivity of the ibopamine challenge test, defined by an increase in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IOP</jats:styled-content> &gt; 3 mmHg.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>We observed a mean increase in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IOP</jats:styled-content> of 1.9 ± 1.6 mmHg or 12.5 ± 10.3%) for glaucoma suspects and 7.4 ± 4 mmHg or 52.4 ± 26.5% for glaucoma patients (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P</jats:styled-content></jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001). Four glaucoma suspects (22%) and 19 glaucoma patients (90%) tested positive (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P</jats:styled-content></jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001).</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title><jats:p>This study demonstrates that ibopamine has potential as a test to differentiate glaucoma suspects from patients with glaucoma.</jats:p></jats:sec>","journal":"Clinical &amp; Experimental Ophthalmology","year":2014,"id":636929,"datarank":0.32958368660043297,"base_score":2.1972245773362196,"endowment":2.1972245773362196,"self_citation_contribution":0.32958368660043297,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.32958368660043297,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":8,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1653529,"name":"Jamie E Craig","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":234148,"name":"John Landers","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1653528,"name":"Katja Ullrich","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Ibopamine challenge test can be used to differentiate glaucoma suspects from glaucoma patients","abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background</jats:title><jats:p>Many countries face the challenge of a rising number of patients with or at risk of developing glaucoma. A test to differentiate between people who are unlikely to develop glaucoma and those at risk for the disease could be clinically useful. Ibopamine, when administered topically, temporarily increases aqueous production. Normal eyes with healthy trabecular meshwork show no significant change in intraocular pressure (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IOP</jats:styled-content>) following an ibopamine challenge; however, those with glaucoma demonstrate elevated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IOP</jats:styled-content>.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design</jats:title><jats:p>The study was designed as a prospective case–control study in a tertiary hospital.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants</jats:title><jats:p>Patients were recruited consecutively as they presented to glaucoma clinics at <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F</jats:styled-content>linders <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M</jats:styled-content>edical <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C</jats:styled-content>entre (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 39); the sample included 18 glaucoma suspects and 21 patients with glaucoma. All patients had open anterior chamber angles and no evidence of secondary glaucoma.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>Patients underwent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IOP</jats:styled-content> measurements followed by instillation of ibopamine 2% solution and subsequent repeated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IOP</jats:styled-content> assessment. The difference between the baseline measurement and that taken at 45 min was determined and compared between groups.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Outcome Measure</jats:title><jats:p>The outcome measure was the positivity of the ibopamine challenge test, defined by an increase in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IOP</jats:styled-content> &gt; 3 mmHg.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>We observed a mean increase in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IOP</jats:styled-content> of 1.9 ± 1.6 mmHg or 12.5 ± 10.3%) for glaucoma suspects and 7.4 ± 4 mmHg or 52.4 ± 26.5% for glaucoma patients (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P</jats:styled-content></jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001). Four glaucoma suspects (22%) and 19 glaucoma patients (90%) tested positive (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P</jats:styled-content></jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001).</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title><jats:p>This study demonstrates that ibopamine has potential as a test to differentiate glaucoma suspects from patients with glaucoma.</jats:p></jats:sec>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"24034130","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":null,"authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[],"oa_status":"closed","license":"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fceo.12200","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/ceo.12200","host_type":"publisher"}],"fields_of_study":[],"mesh_terms":["Humans","Ocular Hypertension","Glaucoma, Open-Angle","Deoxyepinephrine","Dopamine Agonists","Mydriatics","Ophthalmic Solutions","Administration, Topical","Case-Control Studies","Prospective Studies","Intraocular Pressure","Aged","Female","Male"],"keywords":["glaucoma","Preventive Medicine","Open-angle Glaucoma","Challenge Test","Ibopamine"],"sdg_mappings":[],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-06T17:59:21.015010Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}