{"doi":"10.1111/cdev.70004","title":"The N2 During Preschool: Temporal Stability and a Test of Bidirectional Effects With Maternal Emotion Characteristics in a White, European-American Sample","abstract":"Despite well-documented behavioral changes, the development of neuropsychological substrates underlying inhibitory control remains unknown, hindering understanding of this construct over time. Stability and change in N2, a neural correlate of inhibitory control, and its crosslagged, bidirectional associations with maternal emotion characteristics were examined in 121 preschoolers (59% female, predominantly White) between 2014 and 2017. N2 was stable from 3 to 5 years of age. Greater maternal negativity at age 4 predicted smaller N2 amplitudes in preschoolers at age 5 (β = 0.22); preschoolers' N2 amplitudes did not predict subsequent emotion characteristics in mothers. Findings provide initial evidence for mother-to-child, but not child-to-mother effects linking N2 with mothers' emotion characteristics and a foundation for future longitudinal work on developing neural correlates of inhibitory control in preschoolers.","journal":"Child Development","year":2025,"id":570483,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9468,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1476066,"name":"Reese C. Burkey","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1476067,"name":"Peter J Ramirez","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":949128,"name":"Ashley L. Walker","orcid":"0009-0003-1535-1241","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1422397,"name":"Jungwon Choi","orcid":"0000-0003-3047-3952","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":966086,"name":"Sejal Mistry‐Patel","orcid":"0000-0003-0611-0625","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1292092,"name":"Jennifer L. Kling","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":934095,"name":"Rebecca J. Brooker","orcid":"0000-0003-0098-0961","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1306827,"name":"Anahid Akbaryan","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":68,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:57:07.857542Z","pmid":"40678840","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}