{"doi":"10.1111/bcpt.13938","title":"Partnering with a stakeholder steering group to co‐design the PRIME deprescribing conversation tool: Reflections and recommendations","abstract":"Empowering people living with dementia to be active partners in conversations about their medicines is imperative. Consumers, people living with dementia and their carers, have reported limited confidence to start conversations with their healthcare professional (HCP) about deprescribing, reducing or stopping, their medicines.1 Co-design is the process of co-producing an output by engaging end users throughout the entire project.2 To co-design impactful, usable, healthcare tools with real-world relevance, key stakeholders should be engaged in the research, not just as participants but as true partners. To our knowledge, deprescribing tools that are co-designed with consumers to meet their individual preferences and beliefs, are currently unavailable in the public domain.3 Form stakeholder group (SG) We conducted the following meetings to date: Future meetings include: We gathered input from SG members to select key elements to include and refined them to create a PRIME tool draft ready for further testing. Examples of key feedback that we incorporated included: Cultural and language differences were noted between the US and Australia. For example, in Australia the term “carers” is used and in the US “caregivers” is used. Additionally, the scope of practice of specific HCPs (e.g., nurse practitioners) may differ depending on the country and the healthcare setting. We are considering these differences as we finalise the PRIME tool. Overall, the discussion between SG members was rich. Some members had opposing views which created a range of possible options. For example, there was discussion about whether to create tailored versions of the PRIME tool for subgroups in the future (e.g., people living with dementia and carers separately; various healthcare settings). Conduct SG meetings Co-design the tool As a research team, we collated a list of potential key elements to include in the PRIME tool based on existing literature.1 During Meeting #2, SG members broke off into smaller groups using Zoom's break-out room function to discuss the key elements. Each group was assigned a research team member to facilitate the discussion. The SG members then discussed their feedback as a whole group, which we used to create the first draft of the PRIME tool. During Meeting #3, SG members provided feedback on wording and formatting of the tool. Meeting #4 focused on reviewing a guide to test the tool's usability and comprehensibility via interviews and focus groups with people living with dementia, carers and HCPs. Meetings #5 and #6 discussed interview findings and further revisions to the tool. We also elicited feedback from our SG to co-design the design of the pilot study in Meeting #6. Our pilot study aims to test the feasibility of implementing the PRIME tool in practice. The methods and findings from our alpha-testing (interviews, focus groups) and beta-testing (pilot study) will be published separately. Overall, SG members were engaged and enjoyed the co-design process of the PRIME tool. For example, one SG member stated, “It has been an absolute delight being a part of this design consultative group.” The SG members also reported that they believed the tool would address an unmet need for resources to encourage and enable consumers to engage in medicine reviews. There was consensus amongst SG members to include three sections: (a) Background: information about reviewing medicines and medicine-related harm; (b) Self-reflection: questions from the Revised Patients' Attitude Towards Deprescribing (rPATD) questionnaire for people with mild cognitive impairment and mild-to-moderate dementia (rPATDcog),7 which invites consumers to answer how willing they are to have one or more of their medicines deprescribed if recommended by a doctor; (c) Call-to-action: example phrases to empower consumers to start deprescribing conversations. To improve the content of the tool, our SG put forward several suggestions (Table 1), which we implemented to impr","journal":"Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology","year":2023,"id":370324,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":7,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9551,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1129456,"name":"Kristie Rebecca Weir","orcid":"0000-0002-9507-5050","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":929042,"name":"Nicole Brandt","orcid":"0000-0003-2766-6120","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1129457,"name":"Leila Shafiee Hanjani","orcid":"0000-0001-7088-9739","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1129807,"name":"Ariel Green","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1111841,"name":"Wade Thompson","orcid":"0000-0002-8268-4092","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1129458,"name":"Christopher Freeman","orcid":"0000-0001-6429-0316","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1129459,"name":"Dee Mangin","orcid":"0000-0003-2149-9376","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1129808,"name":"Ruth Bohill","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1129809,"name":"Chloe Furst","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":465217,"name":"Emily Reeve","orcid":"0000-0002-1405-999X","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":430375,"name":"Nagham Ailabouni","orcid":"0000-0002-6732-745X","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":9,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:15:37.094100Z","pmid":"37635281","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}