{"doi":"10.1111/apha.12487","title":"The median preoptic nucleus: front and centre for the regulation of body fluid, sodium, temperature, sleep and cardiovascular homeostasis","abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Located in the midline anterior wall of the third cerebral ventricle (i.e. the lamina terminalis), the median preoptic nucleus (Mn<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PO</jats:styled-content>) receives a unique set of afferent neural inputs from fore‐, mid‐ and hindbrain. These afferent connections enable it to receive neural signals related to several important aspects of homeostasis. Included in these afferent projections are (i) neural inputs from two adjacent circumventricular organs, the subfornical organ and <jats:italic>organum vasculosum laminae terminalis</jats:italic>, that respond to hypertonicity, circulating angiotensin <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II</jats:styled-content> or other humoural factors, (ii) signals from cutaneous warm and cold receptors that are relayed to Mn<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PO</jats:styled-content>, respectively, via different subnuclei in the lateral parabrachial nucleus and (iii) input from the medulla associated with baroreceptor and vagal afferents. These afferent signals reach appropriate neurones within the Mn<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PO</jats:styled-content> that enable relevant neural outputs, both excitatory and inhibitory, to be activated or inhibited. The efferent neural pathways that proceed from the Mn<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PO</jats:styled-content> terminate on (i) neuroendocrine cells in the hypothalamic supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei to regulate vasopressin release, while polysynaptic pathways from Mn<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PO</jats:styled-content> to cortical sites may drive thirst and water intake, (ii) thermoregulatory pathways to the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus and medullary raphé to regulate shivering, brown adipose tissue and skin vasoconstriction, (iii) parvocellular neurones in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus that drive autonomic pathways influencing cardiovascular function. As well, (iv) other efferent pathways from the Mn<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PO</jats:styled-content> to sites in the ventrolateral pre‐optic nucleus, perifornical region of the lateral hypothalamic area and midbrain influence sleep mechanisms.</jats:p>","journal":"Acta Physiologica","year":2015,"id":41468,"datarank":6.900974688586097,"base_score":5.247024072160486,"endowment":5.247024072160486,"self_citation_contribution":0.787053610824073,"citation_network_contribution":6.113921077762024,"self_endowment_contribution":0.787053610824073,"citer_contribution":6.113921077762024,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":189,"citer_count":173,"citers_with_citation_signal":152,"citers_with_endowment":152,"datacite_reuse_total":14,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":199759,"name":"S. T. Yao","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":199760,"name":"A. Uschakov","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":199761,"name":"R. M. McAllen","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":199762,"name":"M. Rundgren","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":199763,"name":"D. Martelli","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":199758,"name":"M. J. 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