{"doi":"10.1111/ajag.70036","title":"Incidence of major health events across metropolitan and regional areas: A 10+ year prospective study of 16,697 older Australians","abstract":"OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence of health risk factors by rurality status and the association of rurality and incidence of disability-free survival (DFS), its components (death, dementia and physical disability), cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer and underlying cause of death. METHODS: Data came from the ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) trial and observational extension, ASPREE-XT. Community-dwelling Australians aged 70 years or older, with no prior CVD events, dementia or independence-limiting physical disability, were recruited through General Practitioners between 2010 and 2014. Area of residence was classified as major cities, inner regional or outer regional/remote. Major incident health events were adjudicated by expert panels. RESULTS: Participants (n = 16,697, median age 74 years; 55% female) were followed over a median 8.3 years. A small, but statistically significant higher prevalence of many health risk factors was found for individuals living outside metropolitan areas. Rurality was not associated with the incidence of DFS, dementia, physical disability or CVD events in adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models. Compared to major cities, individuals in outer regions/remote areas had an increased risk of all-cause death (HR: 1.17; 95% CI 1.02, 1.34) which appeared to be driven by fatal CVD (HR: 1.40; 95% CI 1.02, 1.83), while those in inner regions had a lower cancer incidence (HR: .89; 95% CI .82, .98). CONCLUSIONS: Incidence of DFS, dementia and physical disability did not differ according to rurality. Heightened risk of mortality was evident outside urban areas, possibly reflecting inequitable health service and access. Lower cancer incidence in inner regions requires further investigation.","journal":"Australasian Journal on Ageing","year":2025,"id":552666,"datarank":0.10397207708399181,"base_score":0.6931471805599453,"endowment":0.6931471805599453,"self_citation_contribution":0.10397207708399181,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.10397207708399181,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":22.178386323199504,"corpus_rank":9377,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":1,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":true,"is_dataset_confidence":0.6072,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":27.0833,"fair_percentile":42.25007642922654,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":537492,"name":"Alice Owen","orcid":"0000-0002-4807-6069","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":351162,"name":"Suzanne G. Orchard","orcid":"0000-0003-0211-3183","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":264292,"name":"Robyn L. Woods","orcid":"0000-0003-1249-6149","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":264294,"name":"Mark Nelson","orcid":"0000-0001-9941-7161","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":404574,"name":"Nigel Stocks","orcid":"0000-0002-9018-0361","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":284811,"name":"Andrew Tonkin","orcid":"0000-0001-5291-0610","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":264293,"name":"Rory Wolfe","orcid":"0000-0002-2126-1045","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":264297,"name":"John J. McNeil","orcid":"0000-0002-1049-5129","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":275562,"name":"Peter Gibbs","orcid":"0000-0003-1423-4484","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":260075,"name":"John Zalcberg","orcid":"0000-0002-6624-0782","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":332013,"name":"Joanne Ryan","orcid":"0000-0002-7039-6325","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1449451,"name":"Shay Farbotko","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":25,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:54:37.527189Z","pmid":"40334009","pmcid":"PMC12057803","fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":38.8889,"fair_a":18.75,"fair_i":40.0,"fair_r":12.5,"fair_zscore":-0.2916,"fair_rationale":{"fair_score":27.08,"has_llm":true,"taxonomy_version":"fair_taxonomy_v5","dimensions":{"F":{"name":"Findable","score":38.89,"criteria":[{"key":"f_dataset_pid","label":"Persistent identifier for the data","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.5,"verdict":"partial","evidence":"https://ams.aspree.org","grounded":true,"rationale":"The only identifier given for the data is a web address (URL), not a PID scheme such as DOI, Handle, or a repository accession. 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[majority verdict 'partial' (3/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["FORCE11 Joint Declaration of Data Citation Principles (2014) — data should be cited as a first-","RDA-F3-01M — metadata clearly and explicitly includes the identifier of the data it describes","FsF-F3-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes the identifier of the data it describes'"],"scored":true,"signal":null}]},"A":{"name":"Accessible","score":18.75,"criteria":[{"key":"a_data_openly_accessible","label":"Access route free of preconditions","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"Data from the ASPREE study are available upon reasonable request.","grounded":true,"rationale":"The only access route is a discretionary request to a person/study, which is class 3 (no) per the definition.","anchors":["RDA-A1.1-01D — 'Data is accessible through a free access protocol'","FsF-A1-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata contains access level and access conditions of the data'","NSTC Desirable Characteristics of Data Repositories (2022) — 'Free and Easy Access'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"a_access_conditions_stated","label":"Access level labelled","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.5,"verdict":"partial","evidence":"Data from the ASPREE study are available upon reasonable request. 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[majority verdict 'no' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-I3-01M — '(meta)data include references to other (meta)data'","RDA-I3-03M — 'metadata includes qualified references to other metadata'","FsF-I3-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes links between the data and its related entities'"],"scored":false,"signal":null}]},"R":{"name":"Reusable","score":12.5,"criteria":[{"key":"r_reuse_license","label":"Reuse licence","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No licence is named for the data; the article's CC BY licence applies to the paper, not the data.","anchors":["RDA-R1.1-01M — 'Metadata includes information about the licence under which the data can be reu","RDA-R1.1-02M — 'Metadata refers to a standard reuse licence'","RDA-R1.1-03M — 'Metadata refers to a machine-understandable reuse licence'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"r_provenance_methods","label":"Provenance of the data","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No specific instruments, kits, or software versions used to produce the data are named; only the analysis software (Stata 17) is mentioned. [majority verdict 'no' (2/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-R1.2-01M — 'Metadata includes provenance information according to community- specific standa","FsF-R1.2-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes provenance information about data creation or generati","W3C PROV-O (W3C Recommendation, 2013) — the entity/activity/agent model of provenance"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"r_documentation_codebook","label":"Documentation / codebook","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No documentation object (README, codebook, schema) is named as accompanying the data. [majority verdict 'no' (3/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-R1-01M — '(Meta)data are richly described with a plurality of accurate and relevant attribu","FsF-R1-01MD — F-UJI: 'Metadata specifies the content of the data'","NIH DMS Policy Element 3 (NOT-OD-21-014) — Standards (documentation and metadata to accompany t"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"r_versioning","label":"Snapshot identified","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.5,"verdict":"partial","evidence":"Events captured and adjudicated up to the ASPREE-XT fourth annual visit completed by 2022 were included.","grounded":true,"rationale":"The snapshot is pinned by a date (2022), not a version token. [majority verdict 'partial' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["DataCite Metadata Schema 4.6 — the 'Version' property","RDA-R1.2-01M — provenance information (which version was used is provenance)","NSTC Desirable Characteristics of Data Repositories (2022) — 'Provenance', 'Retention Policy'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"x_code_availability","label":"Analysis code available","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"Code availability is not mentioned anywhere in the text.","anchors":["NIH DMS Policy Element 2 (NOT-OD-21-014) — 'Related Tools, Software and/or Code'","FAIR4RS Principles v1.0 (Chue Hong et al., 2022; RDA/FORCE11/ReSA) — FAIR Principles for Resear","FORCE11 Software Citation Principles (Smith, Katz & Niemeyer, 2016, PeerJ CS 2:e86)"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"x_funding_attribution","label":"Funder and award number","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":1.0,"verdict":"yes","evidence":"U01AG029824 and U19AG062682","grounded":true,"rationale":"The paper lists specific grant numbers from NIH and NHMRC attached to named funders.","anchors":["DataCite Metadata Schema 4.6 — 'FundingReference' property (funderName, funderIdentifier, award","Crossref Funder Registry — canonical funder identifiers for funding metadata","RDA-F2-01M — rich metadata provided to allow discovery (funding is part of the descriptive reco"],"scored":true,"signal":null}]}},"actions":[{"key":"a_data_openly_accessible","dimension":"A","label":"Access route free of preconditions","action":"Remove the precondition or justify it. 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For clinical / human-subjects data, deposit in dbGaP or the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA).","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"partial","current":0.5,"evidence":"https://ams.aspree.org","why":"The only identifier given for the data is a web address (URL), not a PID scheme such as DOI, Handle, or a repository accession. [majority verdict 'partial' (4/5 passes agreed)]","gain":8.33,"priority":"essential","scored":true},{"key":"f_repository_named","dimension":"F","label":"Named repository","action":"Deposit the data in a repository registered in re3data/FAIRsharing (a domain repository such as GEO, SRA, dbGaP, PRIDE, or a generalist such as Zenodo, Dryad, Dataverse) and name it explicitly in the paper. A lab website is not an archive: it has no retention commitment and no accession. 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Please refer to the study website https://ams.aspree.org .","why":"The statement points to a personal request route (Colavizza category 1) rather than a repository record. [majority verdict 'partial' (4/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"essential","scored":false},{"key":"f_discovery_metadata","dimension":"F","label":"Description of the dataset as an object","action":"Add a 'Data Records' section: itemise every file in the deposit and every variable or sample it holds, with counts and units. Describe the dataset as an object in its own right, not as a by-product of the findings — this is what makes it discoverable to someone who is not looking for your paper.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"The paper contains no itemised inventory (section, table, or enumerated list) describing the dataset's files, variables, or samples. [majority verdict 'no' (3/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"essential","scored":false},{"key":"a_access_conditions_stated","dimension":"A","label":"Access level labelled","action":"State the access level in words, using the standard vocabulary: 'These data are open access' / 'These data are controlled access'. A reader — and a harvester — should not have to infer the access level from the presence of a download link.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"partial","current":0.5,"evidence":"Data from the ASPREE study are available upon reasonable request. Please refer to the study website https://ams.aspree.org .","why":"The paper describes an access action (request and website) but does not provide an explicit access-level label. [majority verdict 'partial' (3/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"important","scored":false},{"key":"r_provenance_methods","dimension":"R","label":"Provenance of the data","action":"Name the instruments, kits, and software — with versions — that produced the data, not just the verbs. 'Reads were aligned' is not provenance; 'aligned with STAR v2.7.9a to GRCh38' is, because someone else can rerun it.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No specific instruments, kits, or software versions used to produce the data are named; only the analysis software (Stata 17) is mentioned. [majority verdict 'no' (2/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"important","scored":false},{"key":"r_documentation_codebook","dimension":"R","label":"Documentation / codebook","action":"Ship a README and a data dictionary IN the deposit — every file, every variable, its units, its allowed values, its missing-value codes. It is the cheapest single thing that makes a dataset usable by someone who was not in the lab, and a table buried in the article does not travel with the data.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No documentation object (README, codebook, schema) is named as accompanying the data. [majority verdict 'no' (3/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"important","scored":false},{"key":"a_controlled_access_for_sensitive","dimension":"A","label":"Gatekeeper for sensitive data","action":"Route sensitive data through an institutional gatekeeper — deposit in a controlled- access repository (dbGaP, EGA) with a Data Access Committee and a published DUA — rather than through the corresponding author's inbox. An author-gated dataset dies with the author's email address, and 'on reasonable request' has been shown repeatedly not to yield data. 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Release the data at publication with no embargo, no registration wall, and no approval step — NIH's zero-embargo public- access rule (NOT-OD-25-101) has already made 'available at publication' the federal baseline for the article; the data should not lag behind it. For clinical / human-subjects data, deposit in dbGaP or the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA).","Attach a standard, machine-readable open licence to the deposit — CC0 or CC BY, which is what Horizon Europe and most funders expect — and print the licence identifier in the paper. 'Free to use' is not a licence: it grants nothing a reuser's institution can rely on.","Mint or cite a persistent identifier for the dataset — a repository DOI or an accession from a registered repository — and print it in the paper. A bare URL is not persistent: it is the single most common cause of a dead data link five years after publication. For clinical / human-subjects data, deposit in dbGaP or the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA).","Deposit the data in a repository registered in re3data/FAIRsharing (a domain repository such as GEO, SRA, dbGaP, PRIDE, or a generalist such as Zenodo, Dryad, Dataverse) and name it explicitly in the paper. A lab website is not an archive: it has no retention commitment and no accession. For clinical / human-subjects data, deposit in dbGaP or the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA).","Release the data in an open, community-standard format (CSV/TSV, JSON, HDF5, NetCDF, FASTQ, VCF, NIfTI…) instead of — or alongside — any proprietary or instrument-native format, and name the format in the paper. A dataset that needs a €2,000 licence to open is not reusable."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash","agent_version":"fair_agent_v8","fulltext_source":"epmc_xml"},"fair_model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash","fair_agent_version":"fair_agent_v8","fair_fulltext_source":"epmc_xml","fair_has_llm":true,"fair_computed_at":"2026-07-20T13:45:45.432029Z","clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}