{"doi":"10.1111/ajad.13365","title":"Characteristics of xylazine‐related deaths in West Virginia—Xylazine‐related deaths","abstract":"BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The involvement of xylazine, a veterinary drug, in West Virginia (WV) human drug-related deaths was examined. METHODS: WV drug deaths from 2019 (when xylazine was first identified) to mid-2021. Characteristics including toxicology findings were compared between xylazine and nonxylazine deaths. RESULTS: Of 3292 drug deaths, 117 involved xylazine, and the proportions of deaths with it have increased (1% [2019] to 5% [mid-2021)]. Xylazine decedents had more cointoxicants, with fentanyl (98%) predominant followed by methamphetamine. Xylazine decedents had a significantly greater history of drug or alcohol misuse and hepatic disease. CONCLUSIONS AND SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: In one of the largest analyses of xylazine-involved deaths in a predominantly rural state, identification of xylazine was increasing with multiple cointoxicants (especially fentanyl), and was present in a few deaths with only one other substance involved. Health professionals should be aware of possible enhanced toxicity from xylazine ingestion especially since naloxone does not reverse xylazine's adverse effects.","journal":"American Journal on Addictions","year":2022,"id":243925,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":32,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.8911,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":877081,"name":"Marie A. Abate","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":764734,"name":"Zheng Dai","orcid":"0000-0002-5943-0748","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":531973,"name":"Gordon S. Smith","orcid":"0000-0002-2911-3071","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":876540,"name":"Eric W. Lundstrom","orcid":"0000-0001-9776-0134","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":877082,"name":"James C. Kraner","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":877083,"name":"Allen R. Mock","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":877080,"name":"Julie Sibbesen","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":10,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:23:20.901576Z","pmid":"36504413","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}