{"doi":"10.1111/add.16221","title":"Effect of cognitive‐behavioral techniques for problem gambling and gambling disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis","abstract":"AIMS: To measure the effect of cognitive-behavioral techniques (CBTs) on gambling disorder severity and gambling behavior at post-treatment and follow-up. METHOD: Seven databases and two clinical trial registries were searched to identify peer-reviewed studies and unpublished studies of randomized controlled trials. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool assessed risk of bias in the included studies. A random effect meta-analysis with robust variance estimation was conducted to measure the effect of CBTs relative to minimally treated or no treatment control groups. RESULTS: Twenty-nine studies representing 3991 participants were identified. CBTs significantly reduced gambling disorder severity (g = -1.14, 95% CI = -1.68, -0.60, 95% prediction interval [PI] = -2.97, 0.69), gambling frequency (g = -0.54, 95% CI = -0.80, -0.27, 95% PI = -1.48, 0.40) and gambling intensity (g = -0.32, 95% CI = -0.51, -0.13, 95% PI = -0.76, 0.12) at post-treatment relative to control. CBTs had no significant effect on follow-up outcomes. Analyses supported the presence of publication bias and high heterogeneity in effect size estimates. CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive-behavioral techniques are a promising treatment for reducing gambling disorder and gambling behavior; however, the effect of cognitive-behavioral techniques on gambling disorder severity and gambling frequency and intensity at post-treatment is overestimated, and cognitive-behavioral techniques may not be reliably efficacious for all individuals seeking treatment for problem gambling and gambling disorder.","journal":"Addiction","year":2023,"id":320608,"datarank":0.5897738449086489,"base_score":3.9318256327243257,"endowment":3.9318256327243257,"self_citation_contribution":0.5897738449086489,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.5897738449086489,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":50,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9496,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1031772,"name":"David P. Forman","orcid":"0000-0003-3498-3044","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1032553,"name":"Shelby K. Whalen","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1016295,"name":"James M Zech","orcid":"0000-0001-8726-1884","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":449254,"name":"Meredith K. Ginley","orcid":"0000-0002-8593-275X","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":678628,"name":"Samuel C. Peter","orcid":"0000-0003-1443-8911","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":678629,"name":"Nicholas W. McAfee","orcid":"0000-0002-7992-9124","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1031773,"name":"James P. Whelan","orcid":"0000-0002-2245-6450","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":636694,"name":"Rory A. Pfund","orcid":"0000-0002-9719-503X","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":70,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:07:27.434133Z","pmid":"37381589","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}