{"doi":"10.1111/add.15317","title":"E‐cigarette use is associated with subsequent cigarette use among young adult non‐smokers, over and above a range of antecedent risk factors: a propensity score analysis","abstract":"BACKGROUND AND AIMS: There is a public health concern that the use of e-cigarettes among non-smoking young adults could be associated with transition to combustible cigarette use. The current study is a quasi-experimental test of the relationship between e-cigarette use and subsequent combustible cigarette use among young adult non-smokers, accounting for a wide range of common risk factors. DESIGN: Logistic regression was used to predict combustible cigarette use on three or more occasions at age 23 years based on age 21 e-cigarette use. Inverse probability weighting (IPW) was used to account for confounding variables. SETTING: Data were drawn from the Community Youth Development Study (CYDS), a cohort study of youth recruited in 2003 in 24 rural communities in seven US. states PARTICIPANTS: Youth in the CYDS study (n = 4407) were surveyed annually from ages 11 to 16, and at ages 18, 19, 21 and 23 years (in 2016). The sample was gender balanced (50% female) and ethnically diverse (20% Hispanic, 64% white, 3% black and 12% other race or ethnicity). The current study was limited to participants who had never used combustible cigarettes by age 21 (n = 1825). MEASUREMENTS: Age 21 use of e-cigarettes and age 23 use of combustible cigarettes (three or more occasions) were included in the regression analysis. Age 11-19 measures of 22 common predictors of both e-cigarette and combustible cigarette use (e.g. pro-cigarette attitudes, peer smoking, family monitoring) were used to create IPWs. FINDINGS: After applying IPW, e-cigarette use at age 21 was associated with a twofold increase in odds of combustible cigarette use on three or more occasions 2 years later (odds ratio = 2.16, confidence interval 1.23, 3.79). CONCLUSIONS: Among previously never-smoking US young adults, e-cigarette use appears to be strongly associated with subsequent combustible cigarette smoking, over and above measured preexisting risk factors.","journal":"Addiction","year":2020,"id":103550,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":25,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.962,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":409341,"name":"Jennifer A. Bailey","orcid":"0000-0001-7097-4570","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":504444,"name":"Rick Kosterman","orcid":"0000-0002-6856-3163","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":437474,"name":"Isaac C. Rhew","orcid":"0000-0001-9731-8776","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":504445,"name":"Madeline Furlong","orcid":"0000-0001-8721-5722","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":334621,"name":"Sabrina Oesterle","orcid":"0000-0002-2898-6145","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":324103,"name":"Rebecca J. Evans-Polce","orcid":"0000-0002-9622-4652","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":504443,"name":"Marina Epstein","orcid":"0000-0003-0901-2502","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":48,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T22:42:48.999009Z","pmid":"33140475","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}