{"doi":"10.1111/1475-6773.14651","title":"Completeness and Quality of Data for Children in Medicaid Comprehensive Managed Care Compared to Fee‐for‐Service, 2001–2019","abstract":"OBJECTIVE: To compare the data in national Medicaid research files for children enrolled in comprehensive managed care (CMC) vs. fee-for-service (FFS). STUDY SETTING AND DESIGN: This observational study utilized inpatient, other services, and pharmacy files in national Medicaid data from 2001 to 2019. CMC-enrolled children in state-years with ≥ 10% CMC enrollment were compared on several measures to yearly FFS data across all available states. Completeness measures were the proportion with any claim and mean claims per enrollee. Quality measures were the proportion of inpatient and other services claims with primary diagnosis and procedure codes and the proportion of prescription claims with fill dates, National Drug Codes, days supplied, and quantity dispensed. The range of acceptable values for each measure was defined as overall FFS mean ± 2 standard deviations. DATA SOURCES AND ANALYTIC SAMPLE: We analyzed secondary MAX/TAF data on 45 states from 2001 to 2013 and 50 states and DC from 2014 to 2019. The sample included children ages 0-17 with continuous calendar-year enrollment in Medicaid and/or Medicaid-expansion CHIP with full Medicaid benefits and not dually enrolled in Medicare. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The sample included 368.7 million person-years across 888 state-years. Three hundred thirty-eight state-years (38.1%) had < 10% CMC enrollment. Of 550 remaining state-years, 70%, representing ~59% of all enrolled children, met criteria for both completeness and quality in all three files, increasing from 35.7% of states in 2001 to 83.8% of states in 2019. The percentages of state-years with comparable CMC/FFS data for completeness measures were 92.7% inpatient, 86.0% other services, and 87.3% prescription. For quality measures, these proportions were 88.5% inpatient, 95.6% other services, and 96.9% prescription. CONCLUSIONS: Growth in Medicaid-managed care over the last two decades, coupled with observed improvements in CMC data quality, presents opportunities to increase the sample size and scope of epidemiologic and health services research on publicly insured children.","journal":"Health Services Research","year":2025,"id":539548,"datarank":0.23128966530218095,"base_score":1.3862943611198906,"endowment":1.3862943611198906,"self_citation_contribution":0.20794415416798362,"citation_network_contribution":0.02334551113419733,"self_endowment_contribution":0.20794415416798362,"citer_contribution":0.02334551113419733,"corpus_percentile":38.199118124854955,"corpus_rank":7990,"citation_count":3,"citer_count":2,"citers_with_citation_signal":1,"citers_with_endowment":1,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":true,"is_dataset_confidence":0.8745,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":4.1667,"fair_percentile":4.891470498318557,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1311021,"name":"Sanika Rege","orcid":"0000-0002-2405-0147","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":322704,"name":"Stephen Crystal","orcid":"0000-0003-0366-7583","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":262362,"name":"Mark Olfson","orcid":"0000-0002-3958-5662","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":247077,"name":"Daniel B. Horton","orcid":"0000-0002-1831-1339","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":860437,"name":"Hillary Samples","orcid":"0000-0001-5773-3705","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":482375,"name":"Kristen Lloyd","orcid":"0000-0001-8057-1003","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":32,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:52:30.048313Z","pmid":"40464879","pmcid":"PMC12636249","fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":11.1111,"fair_a":6.25,"fair_i":0.0,"fair_r":25.0,"fair_zscore":-1.1986,"fair_rationale":{"fair_score":4.17,"has_llm":true,"taxonomy_version":"fair_taxonomy_v5","dimensions":{"F":{"name":"Findable","score":11.11,"criteria":[{"key":"f_dataset_pid","label":"Persistent identifier for the data","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"The data that support the findings of this study are available from Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Restrictions apply to the availability of these data, which were used under license for this study. Data are available from the author(s) with the permission of Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.","grounded":false,"rationale":"No persistent identifier is given for the study's own dataset; the only identifiers are for the article and for the source data without a specific accession.","anchors":["RDA-F1-01D — FAIR Data Maturity Model: 'Data is identified by a persistent identifier' (priorit","RDA-F1-02D — FAIR Data Maturity Model: 'Data is identified by a globally unique identifier'","FsF-F1-02D — F-UJI/FAIRsFAIR: 'Data is assigned a persistent identifier'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"f_repository_named","label":"Named repository","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"The data that support the findings of this study are available from Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.","grounded":false,"rationale":"The repository named (CMS) is the source of the secondary data, not a repository holding the study's own dataset.","anchors":["RDA-F4-01M — FAIR Data Maturity Model: metadata is offered so it can be harvested and indexed (","NIH DMS Policy Element 4 (NOT-OD-21-014) — name the repository where data will be archived","NSTC Desirable Characteristics of Data Repositories (2022) — 'Long-Term Sustainability', 'Reten"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"f_data_availability_statement","label":"Data-availability statement","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"The data that support the findings of this study are available from Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Restrictions apply to the availability of these data, which were used under license for this study. Data are available from the author(s) with the permission of Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.","grounded":false,"rationale":"The DAS points to a request-based route (Colavizza category 1) rather than a repository record. [downgraded to 'no' — no verifiable quote from the paper]","anchors":["Colavizza, Hrynaszkiewicz, Staden, Whitaker & McGillivray (2020), 'The citation advantage of li","Springer Nature research data policy — Data Availability Statements: standard statement templat","RDA-F3-01M — metadata clearly and explicitly includes the identifier of the data it describes"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"f_discovery_metadata","label":"Description of the dataset as an object","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.5,"verdict":"partial","evidence":"The sample included 368.7 million person-years across 888 state-years.","grounded":true,"rationale":"The dataset's size is stated in running prose, but no itemized inventory (section, table, list) is provided. [majority verdict 'partial' (3/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-F2-01M — 'Rich metadata is provided to allow discovery' (priority Essential)","FsF-F2-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes descriptive core elements to support data findability'","FsF-R1-01MD — F-UJI: 'Metadata specifies the content of the data'"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"f_dataset_cited","label":"Dataset formally cited","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"The data that support the findings of this study are available from Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Restrictions apply to the availability of these data, which were used under license for this study. Data are available from the author(s) with the permission of Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.","grounded":false,"rationale":"No identifier for the study's own dataset appears in the reference list or body text; only the source data are mentioned.","anchors":["FORCE11 Joint Declaration of Data Citation Principles (2014) — data should be cited as a first-","RDA-F3-01M — metadata clearly and explicitly includes the identifier of the data it describes","FsF-F3-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes the identifier of the data it describes'"],"scored":true,"signal":null}]},"A":{"name":"Accessible","score":6.25,"criteria":[{"key":"a_data_openly_accessible","label":"Access route free of preconditions","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"The data that support the findings of this study are available from Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Restrictions apply to the availability of these data, which were used under license for this study. Data are available from the author(s) with the permission of Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.","grounded":false,"rationale":"The only route is a request to the authors with permission from CMS, which is a precondition and not a direct open access route.","anchors":["RDA-A1.1-01D — 'Data is accessible through a free access protocol'","FsF-A1-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata contains access level and access conditions of the data'","NSTC Desirable Characteristics of Data Repositories (2022) — 'Free and Easy Access'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"a_access_conditions_stated","label":"Access level labelled","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"The data that support the findings of this study are available from Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Restrictions apply to the availability of these data, which were used under license for this study. Data are available from the author(s) with the permission of Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.","grounded":false,"rationale":"The paper states that the data are available from the authors with permission from CMS, but does not label the access level explicitly. [downgraded to 'no' — no verifiable quote from the paper] [majority verdict 'no' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["FsF-A1-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata contains access level and access conditions of the data'","RDA-A1-01M — metadata contains information to enable the user to get access to the data","COAR Controlled Vocabularies — Access Rights v1.0 (open / embargoed / restricted / metadata-onl"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"a_controlled_access_for_sensitive","label":"Gatekeeper for sensitive data","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.5,"verdict":"partial","evidence":"Data are available from the author(s) with the permission of Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.","grounded":false,"rationale":"CMS is an institutional gatekeeper named as the entity that must grant permission for access. [downgraded to 'partial' — no verifiable quote from the paper] [majority verdict 'partial' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["NIH Genomic Data Sharing Policy (NOT-OD-14-124) — controlled-access via a Data Access Committee","RDA-A1.2-01D — 'Data is accessible through an access protocol that supports authentication and ","NIH DMS Policy Element 5 (NOT-OD-21-014) — Access, Distribution, or Reuse Considerations (conse"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"a_timeline_retention","label":"Availability timing & retention","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"Restrictions apply to the availability of these data, which were used under license for this study.","grounded":true,"rationale":"The paper does not state how long the data will be available; only that restrictions apply.","anchors":["NIH DMS Plan Element 4 (NOT-OD-21-014) — Data Preservation, Access, and Associated Timelines","NSTC Desirable Characteristics (2022), Organizational Infrastructure: 'Retention Policy'","RDA-A2-01M — 'Metadata is guaranteed to remain available after data is no longer available'"],"scored":false,"signal":null}]},"I":{"name":"Interoperable","score":0.0,"criteria":[{"key":"i_open_nonproprietary_format","label":"Open file format","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"Data management and statistical analyses were conducted using SAS Enterprise Guide 8.3.","grounded":false,"rationale":"The paper does not name any file format for the released data; only the analysis software is mentioned.","anchors":["FsF-R1.3-02D — F-UJI: 'Data is available in a file format recommended by the target research co","RDA-R1.3-02D — data is expressed in a machine-understandable community standard","RDA-I1-01D — data uses a knowledge representation expressed in a standardised format"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"i_community_standard_vocabulary","label":"Community standard / vocabulary","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"This study was approved by the Rutgers Institutional Review Board and followed the REporting of studies Conducted using Observational Routinely-collected Data (RECORD) guidelines.","grounded":false,"rationale":"The only standard named is a reporting guideline (RECORD), which is a manuscript standard, not a data or metadata standard. [downgraded to 'no' — no verifiable quote from the paper] [majority verdict 'no' (3/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-R1.3-01M — 'Metadata complies with a community standard' (priority Essential)","RDA-R1.3-01D — 'Data complies with a community standard'","RDA-I2-01M — '(Meta)data use vocabularies that follow FAIR principles'"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"i_qualified_references","label":"Identifiers for the resources the data depend on","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"This work was supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) (K01DA049950), the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R01‐AR074436), the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD109335), and the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (UL1TR003017, UM1TR004789) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH).","grounded":true,"rationale":"The paper lists grant numbers, which are identifiers for funding, but no identifier for a resource that the data depend on (like the source data or code).","anchors":["RDA-I3-01M — '(meta)data include references to other (meta)data'","RDA-I3-03M — 'metadata includes qualified references to other metadata'","FsF-I3-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes links between the data and its related entities'"],"scored":false,"signal":null}]},"R":{"name":"Reusable","score":25.0,"criteria":[{"key":"r_reuse_license","label":"Reuse licence","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.","grounded":true,"rationale":"The license (CC BY-NC) applies to the article, not to the data. No license is stated for the data.","anchors":["RDA-R1.1-01M — 'Metadata includes information about the licence under which the data can be reu","RDA-R1.1-02M — 'Metadata refers to a standard reuse licence'","RDA-R1.1-03M — 'Metadata refers to a machine-understandable reuse licence'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"r_provenance_methods","label":"Provenance of the data","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.5,"verdict":"partial","evidence":"Data management and statistical analyses were conducted using SAS Enterprise Guide 8.3.","grounded":false,"rationale":"The paper names the specific software (SAS Enterprise Guide 8.3) used to produce the analysis results. [downgraded to 'partial' — no verifiable quote from the paper] [majority verdict 'partial' (3/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-R1.2-01M — 'Metadata includes provenance information according to community- specific standa","FsF-R1.2-01M — F-UJI: 'Metadata includes provenance information about data creation or generati","W3C PROV-O (W3C Recommendation, 2013) — the entity/activity/agent model of provenance"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"r_documentation_codebook","label":"Documentation / codebook","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.5,"verdict":"partial","evidence":"Data S1. Supporting Information.","grounded":true,"rationale":"Supporting information is part of the article, not a documentation object traveling with the data outside the article. [majority verdict 'partial' (3/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["RDA-R1-01M — '(Meta)data are richly described with a plurality of accurate and relevant attribu","FsF-R1-01MD — F-UJI: 'Metadata specifies the content of the data'","NIH DMS Policy Element 3 (NOT-OD-21-014) — Standards (documentation and metadata to accompany t"],"scored":false,"signal":null},{"key":"r_versioning","label":"Snapshot identified","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"We used Release 2 of TAF data for 2014–2018 and Release 1 of TAF 2019, reflecting the most recent releases.","grounded":true,"rationale":"The version mentioned is for the source data (TAF), not for the study's own dataset. [majority verdict 'no' (3/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["DataCite Metadata Schema 4.6 — the 'Version' property","RDA-R1.2-01M — provenance information (which version was used is provenance)","NSTC Desirable Characteristics of Data Repositories (2022) — 'Provenance', 'Retention Policy'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"x_code_availability","label":"Analysis code available","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":"Data management and statistical analyses were conducted using SAS Enterprise Guide 8.3.","grounded":false,"rationale":"No code is made available; only the software name is given.","anchors":["NIH DMS Policy Element 2 (NOT-OD-21-014) — 'Related Tools, Software and/or Code'","FAIR4RS Principles v1.0 (Chue Hong et al., 2022; RDA/FORCE11/ReSA) — FAIR Principles for Resear","FORCE11 Software Citation Principles (Smith, Katz & Niemeyer, 2016, PeerJ CS 2:e86)"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"x_funding_attribution","label":"Funder and award number","kind":"llm","weight":0.5,"fraction":1.0,"verdict":"yes","evidence":"This work was supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) (K01DA049950), the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R01‐AR074436), the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD109335), and the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (UL1TR003017, UM1TR004789) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH).","grounded":true,"rationale":"Multiple grant numbers are provided for the funding agencies.","anchors":["DataCite Metadata Schema 4.6 — 'FundingReference' property (funderName, funderIdentifier, award","Crossref Funder Registry — canonical funder identifiers for funding metadata","RDA-F2-01M — rich metadata provided to allow discovery (funding is part of the descriptive reco"],"scored":true,"signal":null}]}},"actions":[{"key":"f_dataset_pid","dimension":"F","label":"Persistent identifier for the data","action":"Mint or cite a persistent identifier for the dataset — a repository DOI or an accession from a registered repository — and print it in the paper. A bare URL is not persistent: it is the single most common cause of a dead data link five years after publication. For clinical / human-subjects data, deposit in dbGaP or the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA).","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":"The data that support the findings of this study are available from Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Restrictions apply to the availability of these data, which were used under license for this study. 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For clinical / human-subjects data, deposit in dbGaP or the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA).","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":"The data that support the findings of this study are available from Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.","why":"The repository named (CMS) is the source of the secondary data, not a repository holding the study's own dataset.","gain":16.67,"priority":"essential","scored":true},{"key":"a_data_openly_accessible","dimension":"A","label":"Access route free of preconditions","action":"Remove the precondition or justify it. Release the data at publication with no embargo, no registration wall, and no approval step — NIH's zero-embargo public- access rule (NOT-OD-25-101) has already made 'available at publication' the federal baseline for the article; the data should not lag behind it. For clinical / human-subjects data, deposit in dbGaP or the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA).","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":"The data that support the findings of this study are available from Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Restrictions apply to the availability of these data, which were used under license for this study. Data are available from the author(s) with the permission of Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.","why":"The only route is a request to the authors with permission from CMS, which is a precondition and not a direct open access route.","gain":16.67,"priority":"essential","scored":true},{"key":"r_reuse_license","dimension":"R","label":"Reuse licence","action":"Attach a standard, machine-readable open licence to the deposit — CC0 or CC BY, which is what Horizon Europe and most funders expect — and print the licence identifier in the paper. 'Free to use' is not a licence: it grants nothing a reuser's institution can rely on.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":"This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.","why":"The license (CC BY-NC) applies to the article, not to the data. No license is stated for the data.","gain":16.67,"priority":"essential","scored":true},{"key":"f_dataset_cited","dimension":"F","label":"Dataset formally cited","action":"Cite the dataset in the reference list like a publication — creator, year, title, repository, DOI/accession — and cite it in-text where it is used. Only a reference- list entry is machine-readable to Crossref/DataCite, and only a citation lets the data earn credit. Cite the clinical / human-subjects repository accession (e.g. from dbGaP or the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA)) in the reference list.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":"The data that support the findings of this study are available from Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Restrictions apply to the availability of these data, which were used under license for this study. Data are available from the author(s) with the permission of Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.","why":"No identifier for the study's own dataset appears in the reference list or body text; only the source data are mentioned.","gain":8.33,"priority":"important","scored":true},{"key":"i_open_nonproprietary_format","dimension":"I","label":"Open file format","action":"Release the data in an open, community-standard format (CSV/TSV, JSON, HDF5, NetCDF, FASTQ, VCF, NIfTI…) instead of — or alongside — any proprietary or instrument-native format, and name the format in the paper. A dataset that needs a €2,000 licence to open is not reusable.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":"Data management and statistical analyses were conducted using SAS Enterprise Guide 8.3.","why":"The paper does not name any file format for the released data; only the analysis software is mentioned.","gain":8.33,"priority":"important","scored":true},{"key":"x_code_availability","dimension":"R","label":"Analysis code available","action":"Publish the analysis code in a public forge, archive a tagged release with a DOI (Zenodo/Software Heritage), and cite that DOI in the paper. NIH DMS Element 2 asks for the tools and code, not only the data — and 'available on request' is not a locator. Archive the analysis code in a versioned repository (GitHub + a Zenodo release DOI).","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":"Data management and statistical analyses were conducted using SAS Enterprise Guide 8.3.","why":"No code is made available; only the software name is given.","gain":8.33,"priority":"important","scored":true},{"key":"r_versioning","dimension":"R","label":"Snapshot identified","action":"Version the deposit and cite the exact version analysed (a version-specific DOI, or an accession with its version suffix). A reader reproducing your work against 'the current release' is reproducing it against a different dataset.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":"We used Release 2 of TAF data for 2014–2018 and Release 1 of TAF 2019, reflecting the most recent releases.","why":"The version mentioned is for the source data (TAF), not for the study's own dataset. [majority verdict 'no' (3/5 passes agreed)]","gain":4.17,"priority":"useful","scored":true},{"key":"f_data_availability_statement","dimension":"F","label":"Data-availability statement","action":"Replace the statement with the repository template: name the repository and give the accession or DOI (Colavizza category 3). This is the only DAS class associated with a measured citation advantage; 'available on reasonable request' and 'within the article' are not.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":"The data that support the findings of this study are available from Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Restrictions apply to the availability of these data, which were used under license for this study. Data are available from the author(s) with the permission of Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.","why":"The DAS points to a request-based route (Colavizza category 1) rather than a repository record. [downgraded to 'no' — no verifiable quote from the paper]","gain":0.0,"priority":"essential","scored":false},{"key":"f_discovery_metadata","dimension":"F","label":"Description of the dataset as an object","action":"Add a 'Data Records' section: itemise every file in the deposit and every variable or sample it holds, with counts and units. Describe the dataset as an object in its own right, not as a by-product of the findings — this is what makes it discoverable to someone who is not looking for your paper.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"partial","current":0.5,"evidence":"The sample included 368.7 million person-years across 888 state-years.","why":"The dataset's size is stated in running prose, but no itemized inventory (section, table, list) is provided. [majority verdict 'partial' (3/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"essential","scored":false},{"key":"a_access_conditions_stated","dimension":"A","label":"Access level labelled","action":"State the access level in words, using the standard vocabulary: 'These data are open access' / 'These data are controlled access'. A reader — and a harvester — should not have to infer the access level from the presence of a download link.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":"The data that support the findings of this study are available from Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Restrictions apply to the availability of these data, which were used under license for this study. Data are available from the author(s) with the permission of Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.","why":"The paper states that the data are available from the authors with permission from CMS, but does not label the access level explicitly. [downgraded to 'no' — no verifiable quote from the paper] [majority verdict 'no' (4/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"important","scored":false},{"key":"i_community_standard_vocabulary","dimension":"I","label":"Community standard / vocabulary","action":"Adopt and NAME your domain's data standard — the minimum-information checklist, metadata schema, or ontology your community uses (MIAME/MINSEQE, ISA-Tab, BIDS, an OBO ontology, HL7 FHIR/OMOP) — and say which one you followed. A reporting checklist standardises your paper; it does nothing for your data. In clinical / human-subjects, describe the data with OMOP CDM, CDISC SDTM or HL7 FHIR.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":"This study was approved by the Rutgers Institutional Review Board and followed the REporting of studies Conducted using Observational Routinely-collected Data (RECORD) guidelines.","why":"The only standard named is a reporting guideline (RECORD), which is a manuscript standard, not a data or metadata standard. [downgraded to 'no' — no verifiable quote from the paper] [majority verdict 'no' (3/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"important","scored":false},{"key":"r_provenance_methods","dimension":"R","label":"Provenance of the data","action":"Name the instruments, kits, and software — with versions — that produced the data, not just the verbs. 'Reads were aligned' is not provenance; 'aligned with STAR v2.7.9a to GRCh38' is, because someone else can rerun it.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"partial","current":0.5,"evidence":"Data management and statistical analyses were conducted using SAS Enterprise Guide 8.3.","why":"The paper names the specific software (SAS Enterprise Guide 8.3) used to produce the analysis results. [downgraded to 'partial' — no verifiable quote from the paper] [majority verdict 'partial' (3/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"important","scored":false},{"key":"r_documentation_codebook","dimension":"R","label":"Documentation / codebook","action":"Ship a README and a data dictionary IN the deposit — every file, every variable, its units, its allowed values, its missing-value codes. It is the cheapest single thing that makes a dataset usable by someone who was not in the lab, and a table buried in the article does not travel with the data.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"partial","current":0.5,"evidence":"Data S1. Supporting Information.","why":"Supporting information is part of the article, not a documentation object traveling with the data outside the article. [majority verdict 'partial' (3/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"important","scored":false},{"key":"a_controlled_access_for_sensitive","dimension":"A","label":"Gatekeeper for sensitive data","action":"Route sensitive data through an institutional gatekeeper — deposit in a controlled- access repository (dbGaP, EGA) with a Data Access Committee and a published DUA — rather than through the corresponding author's inbox. An author-gated dataset dies with the author's email address, and 'on reasonable request' has been shown repeatedly not to yield data. For sensitive/human clinical / human-subjects data, use a controlled-access repository such as dbGaP or EGA.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"partial","current":0.5,"evidence":"Data are available from the author(s) with the permission of Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.","why":"CMS is an institutional gatekeeper named as the entity that must grant permission for access. [downgraded to 'partial' — no verifiable quote from the paper] [majority verdict 'partial' (4/5 passes agreed)]","gain":0.0,"priority":"useful","scored":false},{"key":"i_qualified_references","dimension":"I","label":"Identifiers for the resources the data depend on","action":"Cite by identifier every resource the data depend on — the source datasets' accessions, the reference build (GRCh38 / GCA_000001405.28), the cohort application number, the code DOI — and register those relations on the dataset record (IsDerivedFrom, IsSupplementTo). A name is not a link: it cannot be resolved, versioned, or followed by a machine.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":"This work was supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) (K01DA049950), the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R01‐AR074436), the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD109335), and the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (UL1TR003017, UM1TR004789) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH).","why":"The paper lists grant numbers, which are identifiers for funding, but no identifier for a resource that the data depend on (like the source data or code).","gain":0.0,"priority":"useful","scored":false},{"key":"a_timeline_retention","dimension":"A","label":"Availability timing & retention","action":"State when the data become available AND how long they will be retained — cite the repository's preservation policy. NIH DMS Element 4 asks for both; most papers give neither.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":"Restrictions apply to the availability of these data, which were used under license for this study.","why":"The paper does not state how long the data will be available; only that restrictions apply.","gain":0.0,"priority":"useful","scored":false}],"suggestions":["Mint or cite a persistent identifier for the dataset — a repository DOI or an accession from a registered repository — and print it in the paper. A bare URL is not persistent: it is the single most common cause of a dead data link five years after publication. For clinical / human-subjects data, deposit in dbGaP or the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA).","Deposit the data in a repository registered in re3data/FAIRsharing (a domain repository such as GEO, SRA, dbGaP, PRIDE, or a generalist such as Zenodo, Dryad, Dataverse) and name it explicitly in the paper. A lab website is not an archive: it has no retention commitment and no accession. For clinical / human-subjects data, deposit in dbGaP or the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA).","Remove the precondition or justify it. Release the data at publication with no embargo, no registration wall, and no approval step — NIH's zero-embargo public- access rule (NOT-OD-25-101) has already made 'available at publication' the federal baseline for the article; the data should not lag behind it. For clinical / human-subjects data, deposit in dbGaP or the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA).","Attach a standard, machine-readable open licence to the deposit — CC0 or CC BY, which is what Horizon Europe and most funders expect — and print the licence identifier in the paper. 'Free to use' is not a licence: it grants nothing a reuser's institution can rely on.","Cite the dataset in the reference list like a publication — creator, year, title, repository, DOI/accession — and cite it in-text where it is used. Only a reference- list entry is machine-readable to Crossref/DataCite, and only a citation lets the data earn credit. Cite the clinical / human-subjects repository accession (e.g. from dbGaP or the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA)) in the reference list."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash","agent_version":"fair_agent_v8","fulltext_source":"epmc_xml"},"fair_model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash","fair_agent_version":"fair_agent_v8","fair_fulltext_source":"epmc_xml","fair_has_llm":true,"fair_computed_at":"2026-07-20T13:13:46.524064Z","clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}