{"doi":"10.1109/tuffc.2023.3321871","title":"Ultrasound Concave 2-D Ring Array for Retinal Stimulation","abstract":"An ultrasound concave 2-D ring array transducer was designed for applications in visual stimulation of the retina with a long-term goal to restore vision in individuals with intact neurons but suffering blindness due to retinopathies. The array was synthesized and has a frequency of 20 MHz (0.075-mm wavelengths in water), 18-mm focal length (the curvature of the concave array), 1004 elements (with a pitch of 4.0 wavelengths), and inner and outer diameters of 9 and 14 mm, respectively. Wave patterns produced with the array at the focal distance were simulated. Results show that the wave patterns obtained can achieve a full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) resolution of 0.147 mm that is very close to the FWHM diffraction limit (0.136 mm). In addition, a scaled experiment at a lower frequency of 2.5 MHz was performed. The result is very close to those obtained with the simulations.","journal":"IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control","year":2023,"id":412259,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9658,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":458633,"name":"Gengxi Lu","orcid":"0000-0001-7497-050X","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":473852,"name":"Biju B. Thomas","orcid":"0000-0002-0312-4450","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":339553,"name":"Mark S. Humayun","orcid":"0000-0002-5830-5208","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":266837,"name":"Qifa Zhou","orcid":"0000-0003-1527-3020","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1181491,"name":"Jian-yu Lu","orcid":"0000-0003-2929-0024","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":36,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:21:50.261851Z","pmid":"37792653","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}