{"doi":"10.1109/tuffc.2023.3282949","title":"High-Volume-Rate 3-D Ultrasound Imaging Using Fast-Tilting and Redirecting Reflectors","abstract":"Three-dimensional ultrasound imaging has many advantages over 2-D imaging such as more comprehensive tissue evaluation and less operator dependence. However, developing a low-cost and accessible 3-D ultrasound solution with high volume rate and imaging quality remains a challenging task. Recently, we proposed a 3-D ultrasound imaging technique: fast acoustic steering via tilting electromechanical reflectors (FASTER), which uses a fast-tilting acoustic reflector to steer ultrafast plane waves elevationally to achieve high-volume-rate 3-D imaging with conventional 1-D transducers. However, the initial FASTER implementation requires a water tank for acoustic wave conduction and cannot be conveniently used for regular handheld scanning. To address these limitations, here, we developed a novel ultrasound probe clip-on device that encloses a fast-tilting reflector, a redirecting reflector, and an acoustic wave conduction medium. The new FASTER 3-D imaging device can be easily attached to or removed from clinical ultrasound transducers, allowing rapid transformation from 2-D to 3-D imaging. In vitro B-mode studies demonstrated that the proposed method provided comparable imaging quality to conventional, mechanical-translation-based 3-D imaging while offering a much faster volume rate (e.g., 300 versus ∼ 10 Hz). We also demonstrated 3-D power Doppler (PD) and 3-D super-resolution ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM) with the FASTER device. An in vivo imaging study showed that the FASTER device could clearly visualize the 3-D anatomy of the basilic vein. These results suggest that the newly developed redirecting reflector and the clip-on device could overcome key hurdles for future clinical translation of the FASTER 3-D imaging technology.","journal":"IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control","year":2023,"id":359457,"datarank":0.3596842909197557,"base_score":2.3978952727983707,"endowment":2.3978952727983707,"self_citation_contribution":0.3596842909197557,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.3596842909197557,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":10,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9607,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":424294,"name":"Shuangliang Li","orcid":"0000-0002-1786-8733","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1110067,"name":"Xiaoyu Duan","orcid":"0009-0000-7050-9994","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":253783,"name":"Matthew R. Lowerison","orcid":"0000-0002-1125-4554","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":253782,"name":"Chengwu Huang","orcid":"0000-0003-0745-821X","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":734663,"name":"Qi You","orcid":"0000-0002-2706-1394","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":253791,"name":"Shigao Chen","orcid":"0000-0003-3460-127X","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":424296,"name":"Jun Zou","orcid":"0000-0002-9543-6135","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":253790,"name":"Pengfei Song","orcid":"0000-0002-9103-6345","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":424293,"name":"Zhijie Dong","orcid":"0000-0001-8098-7789","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":45,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:13:52.889556Z","pmid":"37276113","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}