{"doi":"10.1109/trpms.2024.3518479","title":"Timing Performance With Broadcom Metal Trench Silicon Photomultipliers","abstract":"Single photon time resolution (SPTR), photon detection efficiency (PDE), and correlated noise rate are important performance characteristics of modern silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) in consideration of advances in time-of-flight positron emission tomography (TOF-PET). Commercially available Broadcom near-ultraviolet metal-trench (NUV-MT) SiPMs feature metal-filled trench technology to suppress optical crosstalk. We investigated the achievable SPTR and coincidence time resolution (CTR) of NUV-MT SiPMs with various sizes and scintillation crystals, employing low-noise high-frequency readout electronics. The achievable intrinsic SPTRs of <inline-formula xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$2\\times 2$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$4\\times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$6\\times 6$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-mm2 devices were estimated using a picosecond-pulse laser setup. 2- and 4-mm SiPMs were coupled with <inline-formula xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$2\\times 2\\times 3$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm3 and <inline-formula xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$3\\times 3\\times 20$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-mm3 LGSO and BGO crystals to assess achievable CTRs. The intrinsic SPTRs of 2-, 4-, and 6-mm SiPMs biased with 48 V were estimated to be 45, 55, and 137 ps in full width at half maximum (FWHM), respectively. The detector comprised a 2-mm SiPM and a <inline-formula xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$2\\times 2\\times 3$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-mm3 BGO achieved 111-ps CTR FWHM. The results demonstrated a significant influence of superior SPTR of 2-mm SiPM for the Cherenkov event portion compared to scintillation-based events. The suppressed noise of NUV-MT enabled stable operation at high-bias voltage, offering excellent SPTR and PDE for breakthroughs in the timing resolution of TOF-PET detectors.","journal":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences","year":2024,"id":443881,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":8,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9607,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":882471,"name":"Woon‐Seng Choong","orcid":"0000-0003-3372-2803","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1258558,"name":"R. Heller","orcid":"0000-0002-7368-6723","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":568963,"name":"Joshua W. Cates","orcid":"0000-0002-5649-8691","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1258557,"name":"Seung‐Eun Lee","orcid":"0000-0002-5734-5961","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":27,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:01:29.001453Z","pmid":"40831679","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}