{"doi":"10.1109/trpms.2024.3360942","title":"DOI- and TOF-Capable PET Array Detector Using Double-Ended Light Readout and Stripline-Based Row and Column Electronic Readout","abstract":"We investigate a highly multiplexing readout for depth-of-interaction (DOI) and time-of-flight PET detector consisting of an <inline-formula xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$N\\times N$ </tex-math></inline-formula> crystals whose light outputs at the front and back ends are detected by using silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs). The front <inline-formula xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$N\\times N$ </tex-math></inline-formula> SiPM array is read by using a stripline (SL) configured to support discrimination of the row position of the signal-producing crystal. The back <inline-formula xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$N\\times N$ </tex-math></inline-formula> SiPM array is similarly read by an SL for column discrimination. Hence, the detector has only four outputs. We built <inline-formula xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$4\\times4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$8\\times8$ </tex-math></inline-formula> detector modules (DMs) by using 3.0-mm <inline-formula xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$^{3}\\,\\,\\times3.0$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -mm <inline-formula xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$^{3}\\,\\,\\times20$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -mm3 lutetium-yttrium oxyorthosilicates. The outputs were sampled and processed offline. For both DMs, crystal discrimination was successful. For the 4 <inline-formula xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 4 DM, we obtained an average energy resolution (ER) of 14.1%, an average DOI resolution of 2.5 mm, a non DOI-corrected coincidence resolving time (CRT), measured in coincidence with a single-pixel reference detector (refDet), of about 495ps. For the 8 <inline-formula xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 8 DM, the average ER, average DOI resolution and average CRT were 16.4%, 2.9 mm, and 641ps, respectively. We identified the intercrystal scattering as a probable cause for the CRT deterioration when the DM was increased from 4 <inline-formula xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 4 to 8 <inline-formula xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 8.","journal":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences","year":2024,"id":463558,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":5,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9605,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":588104,"name":"Chien-Min Kao","orcid":"0000-0002-8785-5225","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1172572,"name":"Xiaoyu Zhang","orcid":"0009-0008-8235-3091","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1172571,"name":"Linfeng Liu","orcid":"0000-0002-0824-6203","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":588513,"name":"Yuexuan Hua","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":588102,"name":"Heejong Kim","orcid":"0000-0002-8229-0720","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":882471,"name":"Woon‐Seng Choong","orcid":"0000-0003-3372-2803","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":588103,"name":"Qingguo Xie","orcid":"0000-0001-5353-2201","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1293973,"name":"Fei Wang","orcid":"0009-0000-0900-0216","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":47,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:04:33.257852Z","pmid":"38654812","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}