{"doi":"10.1109/trpms.2022.3227576","title":"Inter-Pass Motion Correction for Whole-Body Dynamic PET and Parametric Imaging","abstract":"Whole-body dynamic fluoro-D-glucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) imaging through continuous-bed-motion (CBM) mode multi-pass acquisition protocol is a promising metabolism measurement. However, inter-pass misalignment originating from body movement could degrade parametric quantification. We aim to apply a non-rigid registration method for inter-pass motion correction in whole-body dynamic PET. 27 subjects underwent a 90-min whole-body FDG CBM PET scan on a Biograph mCT (Siemens Healthineers), acquiring 9 over-the-heart single-bed passes and subsequently 19 CBM passes (frames). The inter-pass motion correction was executed using non-rigid image registration with multi-resolution, B-spline free-form deformations. The parametric images were then generated by Patlak analysis. The overlaid Patlak slope <inline-formula xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$K_{i}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and y-intercept <inline-formula xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$V_{b}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> images were visualized to qualitatively evaluate motion impact and correction effect. The normalized weighted mean-squared Patlak fitting errors (NFEs) were compared in the whole body, head, and hypermetabolic regions of interest (ROIs). In <inline-formula xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$K_{i}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> images, ROI statistics were collected and malignancy discrimination capacity was estimated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). After the inter-pass motion correction was applied, the spatial misalignment appearance between <inline-formula xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$K_{i}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$V_{b}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> images was successfully reduced. Voxel-wise normalized fitting error maps showed global error reduction after motion correction. The NFE in the whole body ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$p \\,\\,=$ </tex-math></inline-formula> 0.0013), head ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$p \\,\\,=$ </tex-math></inline-formula> 0.0021), and ROIs ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$p \\,\\,=$ </tex-math></inline-formula> 0.0377) significantly decreased. The visual performance of each hypermetabolic ROI in <inline-formula xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$K_{i}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> images was enhanced, while 3.59% and 3.67% average absolute percentage changes were observed in mean and maximum <inline-formula xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$K_{i}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> values, respectively, across all evaluated ROIs. The estimated mean <inline-formula xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$K_{i}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> values had substantial changes with motion correction ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$p \\,\\,=$ </tex-math></inline-formula> 0.0021). The AUC of both mean <inline-formula xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/","journal":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences","year":2022,"id":273513,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":11,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9237,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":470104,"name":"Jing Wu","orcid":"0000-0001-9384-2861","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":282647,"name":"Ming-Kai Chen","orcid":"0000-0003-2655-4178","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":890854,"name":"Qiong Liu","orcid":"0000-0001-8153-233X","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":267406,"name":"John A. Onofrey","orcid":"0000-0002-9432-0448","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":437872,"name":"Darko Pucar","orcid":"0000-0001-6597-5149","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":941546,"name":"Yulei Pang","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":894584,"name":"David Pigg","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":795461,"name":"Michael Casey","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":228064,"name":"Nicha C. Dvornek","orcid":"0000-0002-1648-6055","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":267409,"name":"Chi Liu","orcid":"0000-0002-7007-1037","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":891417,"name":"Xueqi Guo","orcid":"0000-0002-0416-2811","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":59,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:28:03.504676Z","pmid":"37842204","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}