{"doi":"10.1109/tpami.2025.3616632","title":"Unified Cross-Modal Medical Image Synthesis With Hierarchical Mixture of Product-of-Experts","abstract":"We propose a deep mixture of multimodal hierarchical variational auto-encoders called MMHVAE that synthesizes missing images from observed images in different modalities. MMHVAE's design focuses on tackling four challenges: (i) creating a complex latent representation of multimodal data to generate high-resolution images; (ii) encouraging the variational distributions to estimate the missing information needed for cross-modal image synthesis; (iii) learning to fuse multimodal information in the context of missing data; (iv) leveraging dataset-level information to handle incomplete data sets at training time. Extensive experiments are performed on the challenging problem of pre-operative brain multi-parametric magnetic resonance and intra-operative ultrasound imaging.","journal":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","year":2025,"id":547520,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9473,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":545986,"name":"Nazim Haouchine","orcid":"0000-0002-1752-3479","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":273471,"name":"Alexandra J. Golby","orcid":"0000-0001-8461-9561","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":284057,"name":"Sarah Frisken","orcid":"0000-0001-5731-5095","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":232039,"name":"Tina Kapur","orcid":"0000-0003-3646-9508","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":810186,"name":"William Wells","orcid":"0000-0002-9172-1043","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":959736,"name":"Reuben Dorent","orcid":"0000-0002-7530-0644","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":41,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:53:41.314800Z","pmid":"41060862","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}