{"doi":"10.1109/tns.2006.869826","title":"Geant4 developments and applications","abstract":"Geant4 is a software toolkit for the simulation of the passage of particles through matter. It is used by a large number of experiments and projects in a variety of application domains, including high energy physics, astrophysics and space science, medical physics and radiation protection. Its functionality and modeling capabilities continue to be extended, while its performance is enhanced. An overview of recent developments in diverse areas of the toolkit is presented. These include performance optimization for complex setups; improvements for the propagation in fields; new options for event biasing; and additions and improvements in geometry, physics processes and interactive capabilities.","journal":"IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science","year":2006,"id":481,"datarank":19.948101130086233,"base_score":8.828787083914332,"endowment":8.828787083914332,"self_citation_contribution":1.32431806258715,"citation_network_contribution":18.623783067499083,"self_endowment_contribution":1.32431806258715,"citer_contribution":18.623783067499083,"corpus_percentile":92.0,"corpus_rank":1950,"citation_count":6827,"citer_count":184,"citers_with_citation_signal":184,"citers_with_endowment":184,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2006-02-01","authors":[{"id":9256,"name":"B. R. Ko","orcid":"0000-0002-4591-5269","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4685,"name":"J. Apostolakis","orcid":"0000-0003-1184-3727","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4686,"name":"H. Araujo","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4688,"name":"M. Asai","orcid":"0000-0003-1155-4749","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4689,"name":"G. Barrand","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4690,"name":"R. Capra","orcid":"0000-0002-0845-7836","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4691,"name":"S. Chauvie","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4692,"name":"R. Chytracek","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4693,"name":"G.A.P. Cirrone","orcid":"0000-0001-5733-9281","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4694,"name":"G. Cooperman","orcid":null,"position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4695,"name":"G. Cosmo","orcid":null,"position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4696,"name":"G. Cuttone","orcid":"0000-0002-9534-4855","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4697,"name":"G.G. Daquino","orcid":null,"position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4698,"name":"M. Donszelmann","orcid":null,"position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4699,"name":"M. Dressel","orcid":"0000-0001-6487-045X","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4700,"name":"G. Folger","orcid":null,"position":17,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4701,"name":"F. Foppiano","orcid":null,"position":18,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4702,"name":"J. Generowicz","orcid":null,"position":19,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4703,"name":"V. Grichine","orcid":"0000-0002-7338-0142","position":20,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4704,"name":"S. Guatelli","orcid":null,"position":21,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4705,"name":"P. Gumplinger","orcid":null,"position":22,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4706,"name":"A. Heikkinen","orcid":"0000-0003-4012-4780","position":23,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4707,"name":"I. Hrivnacova","orcid":null,"position":24,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4708,"name":"A. Howard","orcid":null,"position":25,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4709,"name":"S. Incerti","orcid":"0000-0002-0619-2053","position":26,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4710,"name":"V. Ivanchenko","orcid":"0000-0002-1844-5433","position":27,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4711,"name":"T. Johnson","orcid":null,"position":28,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4713,"name":"T. Koi","orcid":null,"position":30,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4714,"name":"R. Kokoulin","orcid":null,"position":31,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":76569,"name":"V. Kolosov","orcid":"0009-0009-9123-5983","position":32,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4716,"name":"H. Kurashige","orcid":"0000-0003-3932-016X","position":33,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4717,"name":"V. Lara","orcid":null,"position":34,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4718,"name":"S. Larsson","orcid":"0000-0003-0716-107X","position":35,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4719,"name":"F. Lei","orcid":"0000-0002-4365-988X","position":36,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4720,"name":"O. Link","orcid":null,"position":37,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4721,"name":"F. Longo","orcid":"0000-0003-2501-2270","position":38,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4722,"name":"M. Maire","orcid":null,"position":39,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4723,"name":"A. Mantero","orcid":"0000-0002-5741-3397","position":40,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4724,"name":"B. Mascialino","orcid":"0000-0003-4154-4728","position":41,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4725,"name":"I. McLaren","orcid":null,"position":42,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4726,"name":"P. Mendez Lorenzo","orcid":null,"position":43,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4727,"name":"K. Minamimoto","orcid":null,"position":44,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4728,"name":"K. Murakami","orcid":"0000-0001-5777-5796","position":45,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4729,"name":"P. Nieminen","orcid":null,"position":46,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4730,"name":"L. Pandola","orcid":"0000-0003-2867-0121","position":47,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4731,"name":"S. Parlati","orcid":"0000-0001-7099-0378","position":48,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4732,"name":"L. Peralta","orcid":"0000-0002-3834-1762","position":49,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4733,"name":"J. Perl","orcid":null,"position":50,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4734,"name":"A. Pfeiffer","orcid":"0000-0001-5328-448X","position":51,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4735,"name":"M.G. Pia","orcid":null,"position":52,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4736,"name":"A. Ribon","orcid":null,"position":53,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4737,"name":"P. Rodrigues","orcid":null,"position":54,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4738,"name":"G. Russo","orcid":"0000-0003-1493-1087","position":55,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4739,"name":"S. Sadilov","orcid":null,"position":56,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4740,"name":"G. Santin","orcid":"0000-0003-4330-9449","position":57,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4741,"name":"T. Sasaki","orcid":"0000-0003-0196-3063","position":58,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4742,"name":"D. Smith","orcid":null,"position":59,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4743,"name":"N. Starkov","orcid":null,"position":60,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4744,"name":"S. Tanaka","orcid":"0000-0002-6029-6216","position":61,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4745,"name":"E. Tcherniaev","orcid":"0000-0002-3685-0635","position":62,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4746,"name":"B. Tome","orcid":null,"position":63,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4747,"name":"A. Trindade","orcid":"0000-0003-2240-8544","position":64,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4748,"name":"P. Truscott","orcid":null,"position":65,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4749,"name":"L. Urban","orcid":null,"position":66,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4750,"name":"M. Verderi","orcid":"0000-0001-6956-5163","position":67,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4751,"name":"A. Walkden","orcid":null,"position":68,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4752,"name":"J.P. Wellisch","orcid":null,"position":69,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4753,"name":"D.C. Williams","orcid":null,"position":70,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4754,"name":"D. Wright","orcid":null,"position":71,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4755,"name":"H. Yoshida","orcid":null,"position":72,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4756,"name":"John E. Allison","orcid":"0000-0003-4108-4709","position":73,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4757,"name":"H. M. Araújo","orcid":"0000-0002-5972-2783","position":74,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4758,"name":"P. Arce","orcid":"0000-0003-3009-0484","position":75,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4759,"name":"Guy Barrand","orcid":"0000-0001-7571-0558","position":76,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4760,"name":"Stéphane Chauvie","orcid":"0000-0003-4394-5031","position":77,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4761,"name":"Gene Cooperman","orcid":"0000-0003-2175-3848","position":78,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4762,"name":"M. Dönszelmann","orcid":null,"position":79,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4763,"name":"Susanna Guatelli","orcid":"0000-0002-9289-7956","position":80,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4764,"name":"I. Hřivnáčová","orcid":"0000-0003-0120-6337","position":81,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4765,"name":"F.W. Jones","orcid":null,"position":82,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4766,"name":"Р. П. Кокоулин","orcid":null,"position":83,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4767,"name":"Óscar Link","orcid":"0000-0002-2188-6504","position":84,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4768,"name":"Ian P. L. McLaren","orcid":null,"position":85,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4769,"name":"Patricia M. Di Lorenzo","orcid":null,"position":86,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4770,"name":"Joseph Perl","orcid":"0000-0002-9446-3131","position":87,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4771,"name":"Maria Grazia Pia","orcid":"0000-0002-3579-9639","position":88,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4772,"name":"Pedro Henrique Rodrigues","orcid":"0000-0002-5631-6229","position":89,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4773,"name":"S.S Sadilov","orcid":null,"position":90,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4774,"name":"B. Tomé","orcid":"0000-0002-7564-8392","position":91,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4775,"name":"P.R. Truscott","orcid":null,"position":92,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4776,"name":"László Urbán","orcid":"0000-0002-1275-0293","position":93,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4777,"name":"Andrew Walkden","orcid":"0000-0002-9196-6219","position":94,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4778,"name":"D. C. Williams","orcid":"0000-0002-4123-9339","position":95,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4779,"name":"Hajime Yoshida","orcid":"0000-0001-9668-8740","position":96,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4683,"name":"J. Allison","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":59,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-03-01T18:20:47.508186Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}