{"doi":"10.1109/tmtt.2022.3233368","title":"Miniaturized Wirelessly Powered and Controlled Implants for Multisite Stimulation","abstract":"This article presents a miniaturized implant with a diameter of only 14 mm, which houses a novel system on chip (SoC) enabling two-voltage-level stimulation of up to 16 implants using a single transmitter (Tx) coil. Each implant can operate at a distance of 80 mm in the air through the inductive resonant link. The SoC consumes only 27- <inline-formula xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\mu \\text{W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> static power and enables two channels with stimulation amplitudes of 1.8 and 3.3 V and a timing resolution of 100 <inline-formula xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\mu \\text{s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> . The SoC is implemented in the standard 180-nm complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology and has an area of <inline-formula xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$0.75\\times1.6$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm. The SoC comprises an RF rectifier, low dropout regulator (LDO), error detection block, clock data recovery, finite-state machine (FSM), and output stage. Each implant has a printed circuit board (PCB)-defined passcode, which enables the individual addressability of the implants for synchronized therapies. The implantable device weighs only 80 mg and sizes 20.1 mm3. Tolerance of up to 70° to angular misalignment was measured at a distance of 50 mm. The efficacy of bilateral stimulation was further verified by implanting two devices on two sides of a pig’s neck and performing bilateral vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) while monitoring the heart rate.","journal":"IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques","year":2023,"id":336771,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":18,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9555,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1067702,"name":"Jaeeun Jang","orcid":"0000-0002-1311-7721","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":339821,"name":"Aydin Babakhani","orcid":"0000-0001-8123-9061","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":948968,"name":"Iman Habibagahi","orcid":"0000-0002-9530-7077","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":53,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:10:21.947540Z","pmid":"38645708","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}