{"doi":"10.1109/tmi.2023.3348791","title":"A High-Sensitivity Benchtop X-Ray Fluorescence Emission Tomography (XFET) System With a Full-Ring of X-Ray Imaging-Spectrometers and a Compound-Eye Collimation Aperture","abstract":"The advent of metal-based drugs and metal nanoparticles as therapeutic agents in anti-tumor treatment has motivated the advancement of X-ray fluorescence computed tomography (XFCT) techniques. An XFCT imaging modality can detect, quantify, and image the biodistribution of metal elements using the X-ray fluorescence signal emitted upon X-ray irradiation. However, the majority of XFCT imaging systems and instrumentation developed so far rely on a single or a small number of detectors. This work introduces the first full-ring benchtop X-ray fluorescence emission tomography (XFET) system equipped with 24 solid-state detectors arranged in a hexagonal geometry and a 96-pinhole compound-eye collimator. We experimentally demonstrate the system's sensitivity and its capability of multi-element detection and quantification by performing imaging studies on an animal-sized phantom. In our preliminary studies, the phantom was irradiated with a pencil beam of X-rays produced using a low-powered polychromatic X-ray source (90kVp and 60W max power). This investigation shows a significant enhancement in the detection limit of gadolinium to as low as 0.1 mg/mL concentration. The results also illustrate the unique capabilities of the XFET system to simultaneously determine the spatial distribution and accurately quantify the concentrations of multiple metal elements.","journal":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","year":2024,"id":435989,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":11,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9566,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1013227,"name":"Elena Zannoni","orcid":"0000-0003-3142-9742","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1243634,"name":"Ling Cai","orcid":"0000-0002-9875-768X","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1244102,"name":"Xingchen Nie","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":246612,"name":"Patrick J. La Rivière","orcid":"0000-0003-3415-9864","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1243635,"name":"Matthew D. Wilson","orcid":"0000-0002-7037-9197","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":940087,"name":"Ling-Jian Meng","orcid":"0000-0001-7806-1055","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1243633,"name":"S. Mandot","orcid":"0000-0003-4989-2903","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":67,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:00:08.103086Z","pmid":"38696285","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}