{"doi":"10.1109/tmi.2022.3228075","title":"Free-Breathing Liver Fat,<i>R</i>₂* and<i>B</i>₀ Field Mapping Using Multi-Echo Radial FLASH and Regularized Model-Based Reconstruction","abstract":"This work introduced a stack-of-radial multi-echo asymmetric-echo MRI sequence for free-breathing liver volumetric acquisition. Regularized model-based reconstruction was implemented in Berkeley Advanced Reconstruction Toolbox (BART) to jointly estimate all physical parameter maps (water, fat, <inline-formula xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">${R}_{{2}}^{\\ast}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> , and <inline-formula xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">${B}_{{0}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> field inhomogeneity maps) and coil sensitivity maps from self-gated <inline-formula xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">${k}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -space data. Specifically, locally low rank and temporal total variation regularization were employed directly on physical parameter maps. The proposed free-breathing radial technique was tested on a water/fat & iron phantom, a young volunteer, and obesity/diabetes/hepatic steatosis patients. Quantitative fat fraction and <inline-formula xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$R_{2}^{\\ast}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> accuracy were confirmed by comparing our technique with the reference breath-hold Cartesian scan. The multi-echo radial sampling sequence achieves fast <inline-formula xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">${k}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -space coverage and is robust to motion. Moreover, the proposed motion-resolved model-based reconstruction allows for free-breathing liver fat and <inline-formula xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"> <tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">${R}_{{2}}^{\\ast}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> quantification in multiple motion states. Overall, our proposed technique offers a convenient tool for non-invasive liver assessment with no breath holding requirement.","journal":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","year":2022,"id":261617,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":15,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9051,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":910177,"name":"Christina Unterberg‐Buchwald","orcid":"0000-0003-2219-4398","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":910175,"name":"Moritz Blumenthal","orcid":"0000-0002-2127-8365","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":500874,"name":"Nick Scholand","orcid":"0000-0002-8876-0236","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":916482,"name":"Philip Schaten","orcid":"0009-0005-5706-881X","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":500875,"name":"H. Christian M. Holme","orcid":"0000-0002-8619-0444","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":500872,"name":"Xiaoqing Wang","orcid":"0000-0001-7036-7930","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":916483,"name":"Dirk Raddatz","orcid":"0000-0002-9509-4462","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":478981,"name":"Martin Uecker","orcid":"0000-0002-8850-809X","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":910176,"name":"Zhengguo Tan","orcid":"0000-0002-4322-5109","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":56,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:26:16.663144Z","pmid":"37015368","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}