{"doi":"10.1109/tbme.2025.3551260","title":"Evaluation of a Low-Cost Amplifier With System Optimization in Thermoacoustic Tomography: Characterization and Imaging of Ex-Vivo and In-Vivo Samples","abstract":"Microwave-induced thermoacoustic tomography (TAT) is a hybrid imaging technique that combines microwave excitation with ultrasound detection to create detailed images of biological tissue. Most TAT systems require a costly amplification system (or a sophisticated high-power microwave source), which limits the wide adoption of this imaging modality. We have developed a rotating single-element thermoacoustic tomography (RTAT) system using a low-cost amplifier that has been optimized in terms of microwave signal pulse width and antenna placement. The optimized system, enhanced with signal averaging, advanced signal processing, and a deep learning computational core, successfully produced adequate-quality images. The system has been characterized in terms of spatial resolution, imaging depth, acquisition speed, and multispectral capabilities utilizing tissue-like phantoms, ex-vivo specimens and in-vivo imaging. We believe our low-cost, portable system expands accessibility for the research community, empowering more groups to explore thermoacoustic imaging. It supports the development of advanced signal processing algorithms to optimize both low-power and even high-power TAT systems, accelerating the clinical adoption of this promising imaging modality.","journal":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","year":2025,"id":552018,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9533,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":931919,"name":"Mohsin Zafar","orcid":"0009-0004-2960-7006","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1174105,"name":"Ravi Prakash","orcid":"0000-0002-8430-7813","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1274639,"name":"Deepika Aggrawal","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1148606,"name":"Danilo Erricolo","orcid":"0000-0001-6352-9567","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1445756,"name":"James C. Lin","orcid":"0000-0002-7848-9841","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":271094,"name":"Kamran Avanaki","orcid":"0000-0002-1437-8456","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":882478,"name":"Md Tarikul Islam","orcid":"0000-0002-5676-3707","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":76,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:54:29.318076Z","pmid":"40085469","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}