{"doi":"10.1109/tbme.2024.3465654","title":"Wearable Magnetoencephalography in a Lightly Shielded Environment","abstract":"Wearable magnetoencephalography based on optically pumped magnetometers (OPM-MEG) offers non-invasive and high-fidelity measurement of human brain electrophysiology. The flexibility of OPM-MEG also means it can be deployed in participants of all ages and permits scanning during movement. However, the magnetic fields generated by neuronal currents - which form the basis of the OPM-MEG signal - are much smaller than environmental fields, and this means measurements are highly sensitive to interference. Further, OPMs have a low dynamic range, and should be operated in near-zero background field. Scanners must therefore be housed in specialised magnetically shielded rooms (MSRs), formed from multiple layers of shielding material. The MSR is a critical component, and current OPM-optimised shields are large (>3 m in height), heavy (>10,000 kg) and expensive (with up to 5 layers of material). This restricts the uptake of OPM-MEG technology. Here, we show that the application of the Maxwell filtering techniques signal space separation (SSS) and its spatiotemporal extension (tSSS) to OPM-MEG data can isolate small signals of interest measured in the presence of large interference. We compare phantom recordings and MEG data from a participant performing a motor task in a state-of-the-art 5-layer MSR, to similar data collected in a lightly shielded room: application of tSSS to data recorded in the lightly shielded room allowed accurate localisation of a dipole source in the phantom and neuronal sources in the brain. Our results point to future deployment of OPM-MEG in lighter, cheaper and easier-to-site MSRs which could catalyse widespread adoption of the technology.","journal":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","year":2024,"id":439071,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":10,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9607,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":807207,"name":"James Leggett","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":806392,"name":"Ryan M. Hill","orcid":"0000-0002-1732-2095","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":849354,"name":"Lukas Rier","orcid":"0000-0002-4560-8787","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":806393,"name":"Elena Boto","orcid":"0000-0002-0347-280X","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1213690,"name":"Holly Schofield","orcid":"0000-0001-8564-7038","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1215034,"name":"Tyler Hayward","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":823179,"name":"Eliot Dawson","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":822657,"name":"David Woolger","orcid":"0000-0001-7871-313X","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":806397,"name":"Vishal Shah","orcid":"0000-0003-0521-0034","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":253943,"name":"Samu Taulu","orcid":"0000-0001-6164-3366","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":481139,"name":"Matthew J. Brookes","orcid":"0000-0002-8687-8185","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":315068,"name":"Richard Bowtell","orcid":"0000-0001-8656-412X","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":806390,"name":"Niall Holmes","orcid":"0000-0002-0561-8366","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":42,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:00:47.992543Z","pmid":"39302788","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}