{"doi":"10.1109/tbme.2023.3270201","title":"Novel Fractal-Based Sub-RPE Compartment OCT Radiomics Biomarkers Are Associated With Subfoveal Geographic Atrophy in Dry AMD","abstract":"OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to quantitatively characterize the shape of the sub-retinal pigment epithelium (sub-RPE, i.e., space bounded by RPE and Bruch's membrane) compartment on SD-OCT using fractal dimension (FD) features and evaluate their impact on risk of subfoveal geographic atrophy (sfGA) progression. METHODS: This was an IRB-approved retrospective study of 137 subjects with dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with subfoveal GA. Based on sfGA status at year five, eyes were categorized as \"Progressors\" and \"Non-progressors\". FD analysis allows quantification of the degree of shape complexity and architectural disorder associated with a structure. To characterize the structural irregularities along the sub-RPE surface between the two groups of patients, a total of 15 shape descriptors of FD were extracted from the sub-RPE compartment of baseline OCT scans. The top four features were identified using minimum Redundancy maximum Relevance (mRmR) feature selection method and evaluated with Random Forest (RF) classifier using three-fold cross validation from the training set (N = 90). Classifier performance was subsequently validated on the independent test set (N = 47). RESULTS: Using the top four FD features, a RF classifier yielded an AUC of 0.85 on the independent test set. Mean fractal entropy (p-value = 4.8e-05) was identified as the most significant biomarker; higher values of entropy being associated with greater shape disorder and risk for sfGA progression. CONCLUSIONS: FD assessment holds promise for identifying high-risk eyes for GA progression. SIGNIFICANCE: With further validation, FD features could be potentially used for clinical trial enrichment and assessments for therapeutic response in dry AMD patients.","journal":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","year":2023,"id":380329,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":5,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9155,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":890435,"name":"Hasan Cetin","orcid":"0000-0001-9492-4957","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":476763,"name":"Joseph R. Abraham","orcid":"0000-0001-5473-9060","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":341327,"name":"Sunil K. Srivastava","orcid":"0000-0002-0398-8806","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":773778,"name":"Jon Whitney","orcid":"0000-0003-2637-752X","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":237305,"name":"Anant Madabhushi","orcid":"0000-0002-5741-0399","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":341328,"name":"Justis P. Ehlers","orcid":"0000-0001-6763-7768","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":702290,"name":"Sudeshna Sil Kar","orcid":"0000-0001-5790-5132","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":43,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:17:00.789848Z","pmid":"37097804","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}