{"doi":"10.1109/tbme.2020.3037820","title":"Inertial Sensor Algorithms to Characterize Turning in Neurological Patients With Turn Hesitations","abstract":"BACKGROUND: One difficulty in turning algorithm design for inertial sensors is detecting two discrete turns in the same direction, close in time. A second difficulty is under-estimation of turn angle due to short-duration hesitations by people with neurological disorders. We aimed to validate and determine the generalizability of a: I. Discrete Turn Algorithm for variable and sequential turns close in time and II: Merged Turn Algorithm for a single turn angle in the presence of hesitations. METHODS: We validated the Discrete Turn Algorithm with motion capture in healthy controls (HC, n = 10) performing a spectrum of turn angles. Subsequently, the generalizability of the Discrete Turn Algorithm and associated, Merged Turn Algorithm were tested in people with Parkinson's disease (PD, n = 124), spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA, n = 51), and HC (n = 125). RESULTS: The Discrete Turn Algorithm shows improved agreement with optical motion capture and with known turn angles, compared to our previous algorithm by El-Gohary et al. The Merged Turn algorithm that merges consecutive turns in the same direction with short hesitations resulted in turn angle estimates closer to a fixed 180-degree turn angle in the PD, SCA, and HC subjects compared to our previous turn algorithm. Additional metrics were proposed to capture turn hesitations in PD and SCA. CONCLUSION: The Discrete Turn Algorithm may be particularly useful to characterize turns when the turn angle is unknown, i.e., during free-living conditions. The Merged Turn algorithm is recommended for clinical tasks in which the single-turn angle is known, especially for patients who hesitate while turning.","journal":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","year":2020,"id":72262,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":16,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9635,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":286203,"name":"Carolin Curtze","orcid":"0000-0001-5394-4628","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":286198,"name":"Martina Mancini","orcid":"0000-0002-4532-3984","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":286199,"name":"Patricia Carlson‐Kuhta","orcid":"0000-0002-5794-4155","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":286201,"name":"John G. Nutt","orcid":"0000-0003-2759-1106","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":360996,"name":"Christopher M. Gómez","orcid":"0000-0002-7909-207X","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":286202,"name":"Mahmoud El‐Gohary","orcid":"0000-0002-2678-8823","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":286204,"name":"Fay B. Horak","orcid":"0000-0001-7704-5459","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":286197,"name":"James McNames","orcid":"0000-0001-8091-3560","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":286196,"name":"Vrutangkumar V. Shah","orcid":"0000-0002-8626-1089","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":42,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T21:44:45.622639Z","pmid":"33180719","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}