{"doi":"10.1109/tbme.2020.2979475","title":"Evaluation of Durability of Transparent Graphene Electrodes Fabricated on Different Flexible Substrates for Chronic<i>In Vivo</i>Experiments","abstract":"OBJECTIVE: To investigate chronic durability of transparent graphene electrodes fabricated on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and SU-8 substrates for chronic in vivo studies. METHODS: We perform systematic accelerated aging tests to understand the chronic reliability and failure modes of transparent graphene microelectrode arrays built on PET and SU-8 substrates. We employ graphene microelectrodes fabricated on PET substrate in chronic in vivo experiments with transgenic mice. RESULTS: Our results show that graphene microelectrodes fabricated on PET substrate work reliably after 30 days accelerated aging test performed at 87 °C, equivalent to 960 days in vivo lifetime. We demonstrate stable chronic recordings of cortical potentials in multimodal imaging/recording experiments using transparent graphene microelectrodes fabricated on PET substrate. On the other hand, graphene microelectrode arrays built on SU-8 substrate exhibit extensive crack formation across microelectrode sites and wires after one to two weeks, resulting in total failure of recording capability for chronic studies. CONCLUSION: PET shows superior reliability as a substrate for graphene microelectrode arrays for chronic in vivo experiments. SIGNIFICANCE: Graphene is a unique neural interface material enabling cross-talk free integration of electrical and optical recording and stimulation techniques in the same experiment. To date, graphene-based microelectrode arrays have been demonstrated in various multi-modal acute experiments involving electrophysiological sensing or stimulation, optical imaging and optogenetics stimulation. Understanding chronic reliability of graphene-based transparent interfaces is very important to expand the use of this technology for long-term behavioral studies with animal models.","journal":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","year":2020,"id":76283,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":21,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9488,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":397785,"name":"Yichen Lu","orcid":"0000-0002-1508-2454","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":397786,"name":"Ruoyu Zhao","orcid":"0000-0001-5193-8419","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":397787,"name":"Xin Liu","orcid":"0000-0003-3993-3505","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":397788,"name":"Chawina De-Eknamkul","orcid":"0000-0001-7776-9537","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":397789,"name":"Chi Ren","orcid":"0000-0002-0947-8516","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":398811,"name":"Armaghan Mehrsa","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":123953,"name":"Takaki Komiyama","orcid":"0000-0001-9609-4600","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":397790,"name":"Duygu Kuzum","orcid":"0000-0002-2125-1285","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":397784,"name":"D. Ding","orcid":"0000-0003-4265-3491","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":51,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T21:47:46.469293Z","pmid":"32191878","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}