{"doi":"10.1109/tbcas.2024.3450843","title":"An Electrochemical CMOS Biosensor Array Using Phase-Only Modulation With 0.035% Phase Error and In-Pixel Averaging","abstract":"This paper presents a 16 × 20 CMOS biosensor array based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), a highly sensitive label-free technique for rapid disease detection at the point-of-care. This high-density system implements polar-mode detection with phase-only EIS measurement over a 5 kHz - 1 MHz frequency range. The design features predominantly digital readout circuitry, ensuring scalability with technology, along with a load-compensated transimpedance amplifier, all within a 140 × 140 µm<sup xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup> pixel. The architecture enables in-pixel digitization and accumulation, which increases the SNR by 10 dB for each 10× increase in readout time. Implemented in a 180 nm CMOS process, the 3 × 4 mm<sup xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup> chip achieves state-of-the-art performance with an rms phase error of 0.035% at 100 kHz through a duty-cycle insensitive phase detector and one of the smallest per pixel areas with in-pixel quantization.","journal":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems","year":2024,"id":471737,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":2,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9571,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":586808,"name":"Saeromi Chung","orcid":"0000-0002-6389-9709","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1306896,"name":"Eliah Aronoff Spencer","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":457565,"name":"Drew A. Hall","orcid":"0000-0003-0674-074X","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1266737,"name":"Aditi Jain","orcid":"0000-0002-2539-3547","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":43,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:05:48.788780Z","pmid":"39196750","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}