{"doi":"10.1109/robosoft63089.2025.11020978","title":"Multimaterial 3D Nanoprinting of a 2 Fr Soft Robotic Microcatheter for Transarterial Chemoembolization of Liver Cancer","abstract":"Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE)—i.e., the delivery of chemotherapeutics directly into the vasculature of liver tumors—necessitates the use of guidewire-microcatheter systems to navigate tortuous vascular networks. These guide-wires and microcatheters typically lack effective steering controls, making successful navigation through geometrically complex anatomy challenging. Recent advancements in the area of soft microrobotics could offer a pathway to remotely steerable microcatheters at size scales relevant to TACE procedures; however, the difficulties associated with fabricating such systems have represented a critical hurdle. To overcome this barrier, here we present a multimaterial additive nanomanufacturing— or \"three-dimensional (3D) nanoprinting\"—strategy to achieve steerable soft robotic microcatheters that not only facilitate on-demand regulation of catheter tip deflection, but also comprise 2 French (Fr) outer dimensions (i.e., ⌀ = 666 μm) that are suitable for clinical chemoembolization of liver cancers. Specifically, we use \"Two-Photon Direct Laser Writing (DLW)\" to 3D nanoprint 1.5 mm-tall microcatheters capable of unidirectional tip bending of approximately 140° as well as mediating delivery of a fluidic payload. Experimental results for navigating the soft robotic microcatheter through a vascular phantom to deliver fluid payloads to target sites suggest the presented strategy holds promise for TACE as well as additional endovascular interventions and minimally invasive surgeries.","journal":null,"year":2025,"id":558144,"datarank":0.10397207708399181,"base_score":0.6931471805599453,"endowment":0.6931471805599453,"self_citation_contribution":0.10397207708399181,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.10397207708399181,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9531,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1327062,"name":"Jordi T. Andreou","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1459028,"name":"Sarah McHugh","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1459029,"name":"Jack E. McCann","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1080073,"name":"Olivia M. Young","orcid":"0000-0001-9883-8538","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1459030,"name":"Molly A. Carton","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":428737,"name":"Dheeraj Gandhi","orcid":"0000-0001-6741-5970","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":416235,"name":"Mirosław Janowski","orcid":"0000-0001-5261-7975","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":573649,"name":"Mark Fuge","orcid":"0000-0003-3819-8895","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1459031,"name":"Axel Kreiger","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":378700,"name":"Clifford R. Weiss","orcid":"0000-0003-2180-1731","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":527055,"name":"Christopher R. Bailey","orcid":"0000-0001-8926-7083","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":440080,"name":"Ryan D. Sochol","orcid":"0000-0002-9633-8932","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1327061,"name":"Bailey M. Felix","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":33,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:55:25.969263Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}