{"doi":"10.1109/ojemb.2021.3053174","title":"Sub-Nanowatt Ultrasonic Bio-Telemetry Using B-Scan Imaging","abstract":"GOAL: The objective of this paper is to investigate if the use of a B-scan ultrasound imaging system can reduce the energy requirements, and hence the power-dissipation requirements to support wireless bio-telemetry at an implantable device. METHODS: B-scan imaging data were acquired using a commercial 256-element linear ultrasound transducer array which was driven by a commercial echoscope. As a transmission medium, we used a water-bath and the operation of the implantable device was emulated using a commercial-off-the-shelf micro-controller board. The telemetry parameters (e.g. transmission rate and transmission power) were wirelessly controlled using a two-way radio-frequency transceiver. B-scan imaging data were post-processed using a maximum-threshold decoder and the quality of the ultrasonic telemetry link was quantified in terms of its bit-error-rate (BER). RESULTS: Measured results show that a reliable B-scan communication link with an implantable device can be achieved at transmission power levels of 100 pW and for implantation depths greater than 10 cm. CONCLUSIONS: In this paper we demonstrated that a combination of B-scan imaging and a simple decoding algorithm can significantly reduce the energy-budget requirements for reliable ultrasonic telemetry.","journal":"IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology","year":2021,"id":211604,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9628,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":412212,"name":"Shantanu Chakrabartty","orcid":"0000-0002-1688-6286","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":801047,"name":"Sri Harsha Kondapalli","orcid":"0000-0002-1691-6297","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":26,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:52:20.112538Z","pmid":"33748769","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}