{"doi":"10.1109/jtehm.2020.3045642","title":"Registration Techniques for Clinical Applications of Three-Dimensional Augmented Reality Devices","abstract":"Many clinical procedures would benefit from direct and intuitive real-time visualization of anatomy, surgical plans, or other information crucial to the procedure. Three-dimensional augmented reality (3D-AR) is an emerging technology that has the potential to assist physicians with spatial reasoning during clinical interventions. The most intriguing applications of 3D-AR involve visualizations of anatomy or surgical plans that appear directly on the patient. However, commercially available 3D-AR devices have spatial localization errors that are too large for many clinical procedures. For this reason, a variety of approaches for improving 3D-AR registration accuracy have been explored. The focus of this review is on the methods, accuracy, and clinical applications of registering 3D-AR devices with the clinical environment. The works cited represent a variety of approaches for registering holograms to patients, including manual registration, computer vision-based registration, and registrations that incorporate external tracking systems. Evaluations of user accuracy when performing clinically relevant tasks suggest that accuracies of approximately 2 mm are feasible. 3D-AR device limitations due to the vergence-accommodation conflict or other factors attributable to the headset hardware add on the order of 1.5 mm of error compared to conventional guidance. Continued improvements to 3D-AR hardware will decrease these sources of error.","journal":"IEEE Journal of Translational Engineering in Health and Medicine","year":2020,"id":58942,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":70,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9556,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":309264,"name":"Alexander Henry","orcid":"0000-0003-0313-009X","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":309265,"name":"Ignacio M. Soriano","orcid":"0000-0002-6492-9965","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":309266,"name":"Michael K. Southworth","orcid":"0000-0001-7510-112X","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":309267,"name":"Jonathan R. Silva","orcid":"0000-0002-3696-3955","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":309263,"name":"Christopher N. Andrews","orcid":"0000-0003-2084-6639","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":71,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T21:07:33.416320Z","pmid":"33489483","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}