{"doi":"10.1109/jsen.2023.3342129","title":"Passive UHF RFID-Based Real-Time Intravenous Fluid Level Sensor","abstract":"Ultra high frequency (UHF) passive radio frequency identification (RFID) tag-based sensors are proposed for intravenous (IV) fluid level monitoring in medical Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Two versions of the sensor are proposed: a binary sensor ( <italic xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">i.e</i> ., full <italic xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">vs</i> . empty state sensing) and a real-time ( <italic xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">i.e</i> ., continuous level) sensor. The operating principle is demonstrated using full-wave electromagnetic simulation at 910 MHz and validated with experimental results. Generalized Additive Model (GAM) and random forest algorithms are employed for each interrogation dataset. Real-time sensing is accomplished with small deviations across the models. A minimum of 72% and a maximum of 97% of cases are within a 20% error for the GAM model and 62% to 98% for the random forest model. The proposed sensor is battery-free, lightweight, low-cost, and highly reliable. The read range of the proposed sensor is 4.6 m.","journal":"IEEE Sensors Journal","year":2023,"id":353457,"datarank":0.3596842909197557,"base_score":2.3978952727983707,"endowment":2.3978952727983707,"self_citation_contribution":0.3596842909197557,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.3596842909197557,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":10,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9626,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":987255,"name":"Md Shakir Hossain","orcid":"0009-0008-4768-7774","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":563582,"name":"William M. Mongan","orcid":"0000-0002-4122-5156","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":253896,"name":"Kapil R. Dandekar","orcid":"0000-0003-1936-2514","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":253892,"name":"Md Abu Saleh Tajin","orcid":"0000-0002-6656-3776","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":30,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:12:58.542950Z","pmid":"39131729","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}