{"doi":"10.1109/ius62464.2025.11201477","title":"Quarter Wavelength Active Layer Design for Therapeutic Ultrasound Transducers","abstract":"Numerous promising therapeutic ultrasound applications (e.g., sonoporation, neuromodulation, hyperthermia, etc.) drive the advancement of transducer designs. Conventional ultrasound transducers are typically designed with a ½ λ piezoelectric active layer. However, the ½ λ active layer design in therapeutic ultrasound transducers often requires millimeter-level thicknesses due to relatively low operating frequencies, hindering miniaturization for intracorporeal and space-constrained extracorporeal applications. Here, we proposed a ¼ λ active (piezoelectric) layer design for therapeutic ultrasound transducers by applying a clamped boundary backing layer. Finite element simulations were first performed to compare the acoustic and electrical performance of the proposed ¼ λ active layer design with that of the conventional ½ λ design. Then, a miniaturized ultrasound transducer with a ¼ λ active layer design was designed and prototyped by using 1-3 composite PMN-PT. Subsequently, the characterization of the prototyped transducer, including impedance analysis, pulse-echo testing, and hydrophone measurements, demonstrated its potential for therapeutic ultrasound applications.","journal":null,"year":2025,"id":578579,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9523,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":502782,"name":"Huaiyu Wu","orcid":"0000-0003-2616-1171","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":818312,"name":"Zhiyu Sheng","orcid":"0000-0002-4209-5939","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1106062,"name":"Ran Wei","orcid":"0000-0003-0586-5233","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":274449,"name":"Kang Kim","orcid":"0000-0003-1966-1135","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":599212,"name":"Xuecang Geng","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":325196,"name":"Xiaoning Jiang","orcid":"0000-0003-3605-3801","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":702201,"name":"Mengyue Chen","orcid":"0000-0002-6482-5381","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":14,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:58:24.957414Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}