{"doi":"10.1109/ius46767.2020.9251695","title":"Ultrasonic CBE monitoring approach with high contrast for thermal therapy using percutaneous catheter-based ultrasound applicators","abstract":"Background, Motivation and Objectives: Intraluminal and percutaneous catheter-based ultrasound (CBUS) technology can achieve precise energy control and delivery, and thus treat deep tumors with conforming ablation volumes. However, methods of real-time ultrasound monitoring of CBUS typically have low sensitivity and contrast, with limited ability of temperature estimation. Thus, this study aimed to propose a multi spatial scale change in backscatter energy (MS-CBE) monitoring approach of temperature to improve the detection sensitivity and contrast of energy changes by CBUS. Statement of Contribution/Methods: A directional CBUS applicator with 3 elements (180° active sector, 1.5 mm OD x 10 mm transducers, catheter OD = 2.4 mm, fc ≈ 7.6 MHz) was used for thermal ablation within ex vivo muscle (burst = 10 s, duration = 10 min, duty = 97%, power = 10 W). Raw radiofrequency data were recorded real-time by Ultrasonix MDP system equipped with a stereotactically aligned BCL9-5 endorectal probe at 11 Hz within a short-time window of 270 ms, in which CBUS power was paused. Multijunction thermocouple probes were used to detect the temperature changes to correlate MS-CBE with temperature. Each point value in MS-CBE is quantified by the average power ratio of the scale parameter of the statistical analysis within 4 increasing volumes from 3×3 to 12×12 wavelengths. MS-CBE maps of positive and absolute components and the corresponding spatial fitting maps were finally reconstructed. Results, Discussion and Conclusions: Detection sensitivity and contrast of the proposed MS-CBE were quantified by the tissue-modification-ratio (TMR). The detailed changes in tissue coagulation during energy delivery from the directional CBUS were clearly monitored by the MS-CBE. The corresponding regional ablation size was also effectively characterized by the fitting MS-CBE. Compared with B mode and conventional CBE, the proposed MS-CBE has the highest TMR with 30 dB improvement. Moreover, the proposed MS-CBE has a high correlation coefficient of 0.99 (p <; 0.001, a norm of residuals = 0.9) with temperature elevation. These results suggest that the proposed CBUS-based MS-CBE method with temperature component could be useful to provide accurate monitoring and evaluation with a high TMR for the CBUS precise thermal therapy.","journal":null,"year":2020,"id":131613,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9575,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":586383,"name":"E. Clif Burdette","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":454737,"name":"Chris J. Diederich","orcid":"0000-0002-7260-6226","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":525851,"name":"Diya Wang","orcid":"0000-0002-2063-1489","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":12,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:16:03.875886Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}