{"doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.52.997","title":"Density-Functional Theory for Time-Dependent Systems","abstract":"A density-functional formalism comparable to the Hohenberg-Kohn-Sham theory of the ground state is developed for arbitrary time-dependent systems. It is proven that the single-particle potential $v(\\stackrel{\\ensuremath{\\rightarrow}}{\\mathrm{r}}t)$ leading to a given $v$-representable density $n(\\stackrel{\\ensuremath{\\rightarrow}}{\\mathrm{r}}t)$ is uniquely determined so that the corresponding map $v\\ensuremath{\\rightarrow}n$ is invertible. On the basis of this theorem, three schemes are derived to calculate the density: a set of hydrodynamical equations, a stationary action principle, and an effective single-particle Schr\\\"odinger equation.","journal":"Physical Review Letters","year":1984,"id":8701,"datarank":15.367270552929487,"base_score":9.068315871946766,"endowment":9.068315871946766,"self_citation_contribution":1.360247380792015,"citation_network_contribution":14.00702317213747,"self_endowment_contribution":1.360247380792015,"citer_contribution":14.00702317213747,"corpus_percentile":92.3,"corpus_rank":1127,"citation_count":8675,"citer_count":191,"citers_with_citation_signal":191,"citers_with_endowment":191,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"1984-03-19","authors":[{"id":75140,"name":"E. K. U. Gross","orcid":"0000-0002-0113-759X","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":75139,"name":"Erich Runge","orcid":"0000-0002-2157-229X","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":16,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-03-01T18:20:47.508186Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}