{"doi":"10.1103/physrevd.111.095021","title":"LHC and HL-LHC bounds on visible and invisible \n<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><mml:msup><mml:mi>Z</mml:mi><mml:mo>′</mml:mo></mml:msup></mml:math>\n decays in the \n<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><mml:mi>B</mml:mi><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi>L</mml:mi></mml:math>\n model","abstract":"<jats:p>In this work, we use published results by the ATLAS Collaboration collected at LHC Run 2 at a center-of-mass energy of <a:math xmlns:a=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><a:msqrt><a:mi>s</a:mi></a:msqrt><a:mo>=</a:mo><a:mn>13</a:mn><a:mtext> </a:mtext><a:mtext> </a:mtext><a:mi>TeV</a:mi></a:math> with an integrated luminosity of <c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><c:mn>139</c:mn><c:mtext> </c:mtext><c:mtext> </c:mtext><c:msup><c:mi>fb</c:mi><c:mrow><c:mo>−</c:mo><c:mn>1</c:mn></c:mrow></c:msup></c:math> to derive lower-mass limits on the <e:math xmlns:e=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><e:msup><e:mi>Z</e:mi><e:mo>′</e:mo></e:msup></e:math> gauge boson associated with the <g:math xmlns:g=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><g:mi>B</g:mi><g:mo>−</g:mo><g:mi>L</g:mi></g:math> gauge symmetry. Using dilepton data, we find that <i:math xmlns:i=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><i:msub><i:mi>M</i:mi><i:msup><i:mi>Z</i:mi><i:mo>′</i:mo></i:msup></i:msub><i:mo>&gt;</i:mo><i:mn>4</i:mn><i:mtext> </i:mtext><i:mtext> </i:mtext><i:mi>TeV</i:mi></i:math> (6 TeV) for <k:math xmlns:k=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><k:msub><k:mi>g</k:mi><k:mrow><k:mi>B</k:mi><k:mo>−</k:mo><k:mi>L</k:mi></k:mrow></k:msub><k:mo>=</k:mo><k:mn>0.1</k:mn></k:math> (<m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><m:msub><m:mi>g</m:mi><m:mrow><m:mi>B</m:mi><m:mo>−</m:mo><m:mi>L</m:mi></m:mrow></m:msub><m:mo>=</m:mo><m:mn>0.5</m:mn></m:math>) in the absence of invisible decays. Once invisible decays are turned on, these limits are substantially relaxed. Assuming an invisible branching ratio of <o:math xmlns:o=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><o:msub><o:mi>BR</o:mi><o:mi>inv</o:mi></o:msub><o:mo>=</o:mo><o:mn>0.9</o:mn></o:math>, the LHC bound is loosened up to <q:math xmlns:q=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><q:msub><q:mi>M</q:mi><q:msup><q:mi>Z</q:mi><q:mo>′</q:mo></q:msup></q:msub><q:mo>&gt;</q:mo><q:mn>4.8</q:mn><q:mtext> </q:mtext><q:mtext> </q:mtext><q:mi>TeV</q:mi></q:math> for <s:math xmlns:s=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><s:msub><s:mi>g</s:mi><s:mrow><s:mi>B</s:mi><s:mo>−</s:mo><s:mi>L</s:mi></s:mrow></s:msub><s:mo>=</s:mo><s:mn>0.5</s:mn></s:math>. This analysis confirms that the LHC is able to impose stricter constraints than the bounds established by experiments at LEP. We also estimate the projected High-Luminosity LHC bounds at <u:math xmlns:u=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><u:msqrt><u:mi>s</u:mi></u:msqrt><u:mo>=</u:mo><u:mn>14</u:mn><u:mtext> </u:mtext><u:mtext> </u:mtext><u:mi>TeV</u:mi></u:math> and a planned integrated luminosity of <w:math xmlns:w=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><w:mi mathvariant=\"script\">L</w:mi><w:mo>=</w:mo><w:mn>3</w:mn><w:mtext> </w:mtext><w:mtext> </w:mtext><w:mrow><w:msup><w:mrow><w:mi>ab</w:mi></w:mrow><w:mrow><w:mo>−</w:mo><w:mn>1</w:mn></w:mrow></w:msup></w:mrow></w:math> that will probe <z:math xmlns:z=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><z:msup><z:mi>Z</z:mi><z:mo>′</z:mo></z:msup></z:math> masses up to 7.5 TeV.</jats:p>","journal":"Physical Review D","year":2025,"id":9054,"datarank":0.16479184330021646,"base_score":1.0986122886681096,"endowment":1.0986122886681096,"self_citation_contribution":0.16479184330021646,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.16479184330021646,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":2,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.2953,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-05-16","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":27167,"name":"Jilberto Zamora-Saa","orcid":"0000-0002-5030-7516","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":77863,"name":"Ricardo C. 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