{"doi":"10.1103/physrevapplied.19.064084","title":"Temperature Sensitivity of <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\"><mml:msup><mml:mi/><mml:mn>14</mml:mn></mml:msup><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">N</mml:mi></mml:math>-<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\"><mml:mi>V</mml:mi></mml:math> and <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\"><mml:msup><mml:mi/><mml:mn>15</mml:mn></mml:msup><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">N</mml:mi></mml:math>-<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\"><mml:mi>V</mml:mi></mml:math> Ground-State Manifolds","abstract":"We measure electron- and nuclear-spin transition frequencies in the ground state of nitrogen-vacancy (N-$V$) centers in diamond for two nitrogen isotopes (${}^{14}\\mathrm{N}$-$V$ and ${}^{15}\\mathrm{N}$-$V$) over temperatures ranging from 77 to 400 K. Measurements are performed using Ramsey interferometry and direct optical readout of the nuclear and electron spins. We extract coupling parameters $Q$ (for ${}^{14}\\mathrm{N}$-$V$), $D$, ${A}_{\\ensuremath{\\parallel}}$, ${A}_{\\ensuremath{\\perp}}$, and ${\\ensuremath{\\gamma}}_{e}/{\\ensuremath{\\gamma}}_{n}$, and their temperature dependences for both isotopes. The temperature dependences of the nuclear-spin transitions within the ${m}_{s}=0$ spin manifold near room temperature are found to be 0.52(1) ppm/K for ${}^{14}\\mathrm{N}$-$V$ ($|{m}_{I}=\\ensuremath{-}1⟩\\ensuremath{\\leftrightarrow}|{m}_{I}=+1⟩$) and $\\ensuremath{-}1.1(1)$ ppm/K for ${}^{15}\\mathrm{N}$-$V$ ($|{m}_{I}=\\ensuremath{-}1/2⟩\\ensuremath{\\leftrightarrow}|{m}_{I}=+1/2⟩$). An isotopic shift in the zero-field splitting parameter $D$ between ${}^{14}\\mathrm{N}$-$V$ and ${}^{15}\\mathrm{N}$-$V$ is measured to be $\\ensuremath{\\sim}120$ kHz. Residual transverse magnetic fields are observed to shift the nuclear-spin transition frequencies, especially for ${}^{15}\\mathrm{N}$-$V$. We have precisely determined the set of parameters relevant for the development of nuclear-spin-based diamond quantum sensors with greatly reduced sensitivity to environmental factors.","journal":"Physical Review Applied","year":2023,"id":342918,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":14,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9364,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":256252,"name":"Andrey Jarmola","orcid":"0000-0001-5439-1324","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":256258,"name":"Víctor M. Acosta","orcid":"0000-0003-0058-9954","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":800135,"name":"A. Glen Birdwell","orcid":"0000-0001-5235-3260","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":800137,"name":"Dmitry Budker","orcid":"0000-0002-7356-4814","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1079979,"name":"Marcus W. Doherty","orcid":"0000-0002-5473-6481","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":800138,"name":"Tony Ivanov","orcid":"0000-0002-1472-788X","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":800139,"name":"Vladimir S. Malinovsky","orcid":"0000-0002-0243-9282","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":800134,"name":"Sean Lourette","orcid":"0000-0002-4602-5866","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":31,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:11:17.288563Z","pmid":"38716475","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}