{"doi":"10.1101/gad.1.8.818","title":"Lens-specific enhancer in the third intron regulates expression of the chicken delta 1-crystallin gene.","abstract":"<jats:p>We have previously shown that the tissue specificity determinant of the chicken delta 1-crystallin gene lies 3' of position -100 (Hayashi et al. 1985). Since the promoter of the gene (delta 1-crystallin promoter) did not show any tissue specificity, we examined various segments of the delta 1-crystallin gene for a tissue-specific enhancer activity by placing each segment downstream of a heterologous transcriptional unit coding for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) and by transfecting chicken tissues in primary culture. We found that a segment spanning the third intron bears a strong lens-specific enhancer activity. This \"delta 1-crystallin enhancer\" activates transcription from the delta 1-crystallin promoter 20- to 40-fold in lens cells and to various degrees with other promoters. Deletion analysis of the enhancer region indicated that it covered nearly 1 kb but did not indicate clear-cut boundaries. For its enhancer effect the core region of 120 bp and associations with certain adjoining regions were required. Removal of the enhancer from the gene totally abolished delta 1-crystallin expression, and reinsertion of the enhancer in either upstream, internal, or downstream positions restored expression. We conclude that the delta 1-crystallin enhancer is an essential and major determinant for lens-specificity of delta 1-crystallin expression.</jats:p>","journal":"Genes &amp; Development","year":1987,"id":21867,"datarank":5.231342465071147,"base_score":4.74493212836325,"endowment":4.74493212836325,"self_citation_contribution":0.7117398192544876,"citation_network_contribution":4.519602645816659,"self_endowment_contribution":0.7117398192544876,"citer_contribution":4.519602645816659,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":114,"citer_count":90,"citers_with_citation_signal":87,"citers_with_endowment":87,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":139282,"name":"K Goto","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":139284,"name":"T S Okada","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":139286,"name":"H Kondoh","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":139281,"name":"S Hayashi","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"base_score":4.74493212836325,"endowment":4.74493212836325,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"2828173","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2000106017","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2015,"count":1},{"year":2022,"count":1},{"year":2023,"count":2},{"year":2024,"count":2}],"oa_status":"gold","license":null,"oa_locations":[{"url":"http://genesdev.cshlp.org/content/1/8/818.full.pdf","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.1.8.818","host_type":"GOLD"},{"url":"http://genesdev.cshlp.org/content/1/8/818.full.pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1101/gad.1.8.818","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2828173","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["RNA regulation and disease","Connexins and lens biology","Immune Response and Inflammation","Biology","Medicine","Animals","Base Sequence","Cells, Cultured","Chick Embryo","Crystallins","DNA Restriction Enzymes","Enhancer Elements, Genetic","Gene Expression Regulation","Genes","Introns","Lens, Crystalline","Molecular Sequence Data","Plasmids","Transcription, Genetic"],"mesh_terms":["Animals","Base Sequence","Cells, Cultured","Chick Embryo","Crystallins","DNA Restriction Enzymes","Enhancer Elements, Genetic","Gene Expression Regulation","Genes","Introns","Lens, Crystalline","Molecular Sequence Data","Plasmids","Transcription, Genetic"],"keywords":["Enhancer","Biology","Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase","Crystallin","Enhancer trap","Molecular biology","Promoter","Intron","Enhancer RNAs","Gene","Gene expression","Regulatory sequence","Transcription (linguistics)","Reporter gene","Genetics"],"sdg_mappings":[],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-06-06T17:01:07.071664Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}