{"doi":"10.1101/398784","title":"Tissue- and sex-specific small RNAomes reveal sex differences in response to the environment","abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    RNA interference (RNAi) related pathways are essential for germline development and fertility in metazoa and can contribute to inter-and trans-generational inheritance. In the nematode\n                    <jats:italic>Caenorhabditis elegans</jats:italic>\n                    environmental double-stranded RNA provided by feeding can lead to heritable changes in phenotype and gene expression. Notably, transmission efficiency differs between the male and female germline, yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive.\n                  </jats:p>\n                </jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Here we use high-throughput sequencing of dissected gonads to quantify sex-specific endogenous piRNAs, miRNAs and siRNAs in the\n                    <jats:italic>C. elegans</jats:italic>\n                    germline and the somatic gonad. We identify genes with exceptionally high levels of 22G RNAs that are associated with low mRNA expression, a signature compatible with silencing. We further demonstrate that contrary to the hermaphrodite germline, the male germline, but not male soma, is resistant to environmental RNAi triggers provided by feeding. This sex-difference in silencing efficacy is associated with lower levels of gonadal RNAi amplification products. Moreover, this tissue-and sex-specific RNAi resistance is regulated by the germline, since mutant males with a feminized germline are RNAi sensitive.\n                  </jats:p>\n                </jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study provides important sex-and tissue-specific expression data of miRNA, piRNA and siRNA as well as mechanistic insights into sex-differences of gene regulation in response to environmental cues.</jats:p>\n                </jats:sec>","journal":null,"year":null,"id":677765,"datarank":0.24141568686511508,"base_score":1.6094379124341003,"endowment":1.6094379124341003,"self_citation_contribution":0.24141568686511508,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.24141568686511508,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":4,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":489045,"name":"Fabian Braukmann","orcid":"0000-0003-2660-450X","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":373605,"name":"Sean West","orcid":"0000-0002-1394-1999","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1770882,"name":"Arthur Duplan","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1770883,"name":"Raffaella Conconi","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":140052,"name":"Frédéric Schütz","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":605578,"name":"Pierre Gönczy","orcid":"0000-0002-6305-6883","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":52144,"name":"Fabio Piano","orcid":"0000-0001-9625-7131","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1770886,"name":"Kristin Gunsalus","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":208367,"name":"Eric A. Miska","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1115492,"name":"Laurent Keller","orcid":"0000-0002-5046-9953","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1770881,"name":"Alexandra Bezler","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Tissue- and sex-specific small RNAomes reveal sex differences in response to the environment","abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    RNA interference (RNAi) related pathways are essential for germline development and fertility in metazoa and can contribute to inter-and trans-generational inheritance. In the nematode\n                    <jats:italic>Caenorhabditis elegans</jats:italic>\n                    environmental double-stranded RNA provided by feeding can lead to heritable changes in phenotype and gene expression. Notably, transmission efficiency differs between the male and female germline, yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive.\n                  </jats:p>\n                </jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Here we use high-throughput sequencing of dissected gonads to quantify sex-specific endogenous piRNAs, miRNAs and siRNAs in the\n                    <jats:italic>C. elegans</jats:italic>\n                    germline and the somatic gonad. We identify genes with exceptionally high levels of 22G RNAs that are associated with low mRNA expression, a signature compatible with silencing. We further demonstrate that contrary to the hermaphrodite germline, the male germline, but not male soma, is resistant to environmental RNAi triggers provided by feeding. This sex-difference in silencing efficacy is associated with lower levels of gonadal RNAi amplification products. Moreover, this tissue-and sex-specific RNAi resistance is regulated by the germline, since mutant males with a feminized germline are RNAi sensitive.\n                  </jats:p>\n                </jats:sec>\n                <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study provides important sex-and tissue-specific expression data of miRNA, piRNA and siRNA as well as mechanistic insights into sex-differences of gene regulation in response to environmental cues.</jats:p>\n                </jats:sec>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":1.6094379124341003,"endowment":1.6094379124341003,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"21097893","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2888298984","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2017,"count":1},{"year":2020,"count":2},{"year":2022,"count":1}],"oa_status":"green","license":"cc-by-nc-nd","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2018/08/23/398784.full.pdf","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2018/08/23/398784.full.pdf","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1101/398784","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/398784","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/289431","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.36681","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms","CRISPR and Genetic Engineering","Insect Resistance and Genetics"],"mesh_terms":[],"keywords":["RNA interference","Biology","Piwi-interacting RNA","Germline","Gene silencing","Genetics","Caenorhabditis elegans","Argonaute","RNA silencing","Gene","microRNA","Gene expression","RNA"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Life in Land"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-17T04:31:48.897108Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}