{"doi":"10.1101/2025.09.24.678304","title":"DYNAMICS OF RHINOVIRUS SARS-COV-2 COINFECTIONS AND SUPERINFECTIONS IN HUMAN AIRWAY CULTURES REVEAL TYPE-DEPENDENT VIRAL INTERFERENCE","abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Coinfections between respiratory viruses are frequent but their outcomes are poorly understood. Rhinoviruses (RVs) and SARS-CoV-2 are two clinically relevant respiratory pathogens circulating year-round. We used differentiated human bronchial air–liquid interface (ALI) tissue cultures to study coinfections and staggered superinfections between SARS-CoV-2 BA.2 and two RVs (RV-A1, RV-A16). RV-A16 exerted strong and sustained interference on SARS-CoV-2 replication, whereas RV-A1 showed transient effects. SARS-CoV-2 had limited impact on RVs but persisted long-term despite interference. Superinfection demonstrated that pre-established infection with either virus reduced subsequent replication of the other. RNA-FISH revealed spatially distinct infection foci with few dual-infected cells. Although coinfections prolonged interferon and cytokine secretion, functional assays showed that SARS-CoV-2 BA.2 replication was resistant to IFN, in contrast to Wuhan strains. Pleconaril inhibition of RV-A16 spread reduced its interference, highlighting the role of viral spreading. These findings highlight the complexity of respiratory viral interactions and their potential influence on transmission dynamics during viral co-circulation.</jats:p>","journal":null,"year":null,"id":610429,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1569451,"name":"Romain Volle","orcid":"0000-0002-4442-4652","position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"DYNAMICS OF RHINOVIRUS SARS-COV-2 COINFECTIONS AND SUPERINFECTIONS IN HUMAN AIRWAY CULTURES REVEAL TYPE-DEPENDENT VIRAL INTERFERENCE","abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Coinfections between respiratory viruses are frequent but their outcomes are poorly understood. Rhinoviruses (RVs) and SARS-CoV-2 are two clinically relevant respiratory pathogens circulating year-round. We used differentiated human bronchial air–liquid interface (ALI) tissue cultures to study coinfections and staggered superinfections between SARS-CoV-2 BA.2 and two RVs (RV-A1, RV-A16). RV-A16 exerted strong and sustained interference on SARS-CoV-2 replication, whereas RV-A1 showed transient effects. SARS-CoV-2 had limited impact on RVs but persisted long-term despite interference. Superinfection demonstrated that pre-established infection with either virus reduced subsequent replication of the other. RNA-FISH revealed spatially distinct infection foci with few dual-infected cells. Although coinfections prolonged interferon and cytokine secretion, functional assays showed that SARS-CoV-2 BA.2 replication was resistant to IFN, in contrast to Wuhan strains. Pleconaril inhibition of RV-A16 spread reduced its interference, highlighting the role of viral spreading. These findings highlight the complexity of respiratory viral interactions and their potential influence on transmission dynamics during viral co-circulation.</jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"openalex_id":null,"authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[],"oa_status":null,"license":"https://www.biorxiv.org/about/FAQ#license","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1101/2025.09.24.678304","host_type":"publisher"}],"fields_of_study":[],"mesh_terms":[],"keywords":[],"sdg_mappings":[],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-31T22:06:59.895039Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}