{"doi":"10.1101/2025.07.14.25331475","title":"Toward optimized intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) and compartmental T2 mapping in abdominal organs","abstract":"Abstract Purpose To quantitatively assess the bias in the intravoxel incoherent motions (IVIM)-derived pseudo-diffusion volume fraction ( f ) caused by the differences in relaxation times between the tissue and fluid compartments, and to develop a 2D fitting approach and an optimal acquisition protocol for the relaxation compensated T2-IVIM imaging in the liver and kidney. Methods Numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the TR- and TE-dependent bias in f when using the conventional IVIM model, and to evaluate the applicability of the extended 2D T2-IVIM model for reducing this bias. The in silico findings were then validated using the in vivo IVIM data from healthy volunteers on a clinical 3-Tesla MRI scanner. Finally, a numerical framework for optimizing the T2-IVIM protocol for relaxation-compensated f parameter estimation was proposed and tested using in vivo data. Results When using the traditional IVIM model, a trend toward higher f with increasing TE was found in the liver (R = 0.42, P = 0.043), but not in the kidney cortex (R = −0.067, P = 0.76) and medulla (R = 0.039, P = 0.86). The 2D T2-IVIM modeling yielded lower f and reduced the intra-subject variability in the liver. Our results also suggest that a b-TE protocol with six b-values and three different TE values (50, 55, and 100 ms) might be optimal for liver T2-IVIM. Conclusion The extended 2D T2-IVIM model combined effectively minimizes the TE-dependent bias in f and allows simultaneous estimation of the IVIM parameter and compartmental T2 values in the liver and kidney.","journal":"medRxiv","year":2025,"id":570334,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9055,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1008286,"name":"Thomas Thiel","orcid":"0000-0002-2621-3958","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":430337,"name":"Hans‐Jörg Wittsack","orcid":"0000-0002-5830-423X","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1046309,"name":"Alexandra Ljimani","orcid":"0000-0002-9748-9927","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":238011,"name":"Helge J. Zöllner","orcid":"0000-0002-7148-292X","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":938034,"name":"Julia Stabinska","orcid":"0000-0003-2730-4250","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":50,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:57:07.857542Z","pmid":"40791709","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}