{"doi":"10.1101/2025.05.24.655902","title":"Adaptive-like NK cell responses to influenza correlate with humoral immunity and are influenced by age and sex","abstract":"Summary Influenza remains a global health threat, infecting approximately one billion people annually and causing significant mortality, particularly among older adults. While hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) antibody titers are a standard correlate of immunity against influenza, they do not reliably predict protection in high-risk populations. Using multiomic single-cell profiling, we identified a distinct subset of adaptive-like NK cells that respond to influenza antigen, predominantly in younger females. These TNFSF10 + LGALS9 + NK cells exhibit features of adaptive NK cells but lack classical cytomegalovirus-driven markers observed in previous studies. Notably, their increased frequency correlates with high pre-existing HAI titers, suggesting a link between adaptive-like NK responses and humoral immunity. Together, our findings identify an NK subset influenced by age and sex that may contribute to influenza protection, expanding the known diversity of adaptive-like NK cells. These insights could inform future vaccine strategies, particularly for aging populations, by integrating NK responses into assessments of vaccine efficacy.","journal":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","year":2025,"id":566887,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9607,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1136479,"name":"Jared Oakes","orcid":"0000-0003-3910-1346","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":692345,"name":"Joshua D. Simmons","orcid":"0009-0005-8517-4863","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":764476,"name":"Jennifer Currenti","orcid":"0000-0003-4609-587X","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":765612,"name":"Jérôme D. Coudert","orcid":"0000-0001-6081-8494","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1470815,"name":"Bree Foley","orcid":"0000-0003-3826-2682","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":705933,"name":"Joan Eason","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":105913,"name":"Natasha Halasa","orcid":"0000-0002-6381-1826","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":105916,"name":"H. Keipp Talbot","orcid":"0000-0003-0141-1760","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":321310,"name":"Jessica L. Castilho","orcid":"0000-0002-7599-8173","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":11900,"name":"S. Mallal","orcid":"0000-0002-7036-1309","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":500168,"name":"Silvana Gaudieri","orcid":null,"position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":331744,"name":"Spyros A. Kalams","orcid":"0000-0003-0098-7995","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":552551,"name":"Eric Alves","orcid":"0000-0002-6072-708X","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":74,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:56:40.491968Z","pmid":"40501653","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}