{"doi":"10.1101/2025.04.23.650273","title":"GM-CSF production by immune cells in steady state and autoimmune neuroinflammation mapped using fate reporting mice","abstract":"Abstract The full GM-CSF expression spectrum in immune cells remains unclear, while CD4□ T cells are the primary source. Using novel GM-CSF reporter/fate reporter transgenic mice, we tracked ongoing and past (YFP + ) GM-CSF expression in various immune cells. GM-CSF was produced by diverse immune cells, including CD4 + , CD8 + , γδ T, NK, B, and CD11b + cells, with expression patterns varying by cell type and organ with liver CD4 + T cells and NK cells showing the highest expression history in both naïve and mice with EAE. GM-CSF expression was transient and permanently lost in most cells over time. In a mouse model of multiple sclerosis, effector memory CD4□ T cells were the dominant CNS GM-CSF source, with higher expression than in other organs. CD4 + YFP + T cells, strongly expressing CXCR6, produced multiple cytokines. Transcriptomic analysis showed distinct gene expression profiles in effector memory CD4 + T cells compared to naïve cells. YFP□ Tregs represent functionally distinct subsets mirroring effector Th cells, expressing cytokines associated with Th lineages, especially during neuroinflammation. These findings identified distinct GM-CSF cellular sources across organs, highlighting a transient tissue microenvironment influence on GM-CSF production linked to CXCR6 expression.","journal":"The Medicine Forum","year":2025,"id":557668,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9517,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":281012,"name":"Javad Rasouli","orcid":"0000-0002-0276-873X","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1246168,"name":"Hamed Naziri","orcid":"0000-0001-6290-8944","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":37442,"name":"Michael V. Gonzalez","orcid":"0000-0001-9741-475X","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":328021,"name":"James Garifallou","orcid":"0000-0002-2042-819X","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1266506,"name":"Guang-Xian Zhang","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":281023,"name":"Bogoljub Ćirić","orcid":"0000-0001-5361-7635","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":281024,"name":"Abdolmohamad Rostami","orcid":"0000-0003-0716-2726","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":884884,"name":"Gholamreza Azizi","orcid":"0000-0001-5658-2511","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":47,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:55:21.727661Z","pmid":"40488130","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}